Chainomatic Analytical Scale
Apothecary;Jeweler: Chemist
<h5><strong>Physical Description</strong></h5>
The scale’s frame is a rectangular prism composed of a russet-colored wood, with some sun bleaching occurring to its front face. Three tarnished metal feet, one on each front corner and one placed in the middle of the rear side, hold the frame about 2 cm above the ground. There are four glass-paneled doors that allow access to the actual measurement apparatus. A 145 mm x 235 mmm door on the top side that can be removed fully from the frame, and has a handle on the left and right sides that can hold it securely in place. Two 162 mm x 150 mm hinged doors are set into the left and right side of the frame, with securing handles being placed on the side of the door the corresponds to the frame’s front side. The fourth door is the primary access way to the scale; it is a vertically sliding door, 289 mm x 230 mm, with a worn white knob of an unknown material at the base that can be used to lift it up. The door can be lifted completely out of its slots, but two strings prevent it from being detached from the frame completely. The rear side is made up almost entirely of a pane of glass. <br /><br /> Two letter and number combinations are printed on the frame: MCMT-9614 appears on the bottom left of the frame’s left side; R20770 on the bottom left of the frame’s right side. They may be the scale’s make and model numbers, or possibly relate to the production and manufacturing process of the scale.<br /><br /> The scale apparatus itself rests on a polished black layer, made of either ceramic or stone, that is positioned 40 mm above the bottom of the frame and extends past the four wooden sides. Two metallic gray weighing platforms hang about 20 mm above the ceramic base, suspended from hooks about 220 mm above the base. A metal hanger for suspending weight is welded between the <a title="Image of Original Wrappings for the Chain" href="https://www2.humboldt.edu/scimus/HSC.36-53/Images/CB_AB2_ChBox_contents.jpg" target="_blank">two small metal rods</a> that hold the platforms to their suspension hook, though the hanger for the left platform has broken off, and a metal peg has been secured to each of that platform’s rods to hold the hanger up. The stirrups for the the platform suspension hooks rest below a “100 mm” measurement poise that tops the scale apparatus; this measured displacement can then be used to determine the weight of the objects being measured, in grams. Descending from the measurement poise, the scale’s pointer ends at a small cream-colored piece of plastic, 6-sided—though similar in shape to a hypotenuse. The plastic piece has the words “Christian Beckering Inc., New York” printed across the bottom, while the scale’s measurement lines are printed almost microscopically along the top. The scale’s central pillar, support beams, and base are all formed out of brass. A solid brass cylinder also extends out from the base toward the front of the frame. An adjustable-angle magnifying glass that is used to make out the measurement lines can be slid on and secured to this cylinder if the scale is undergoing frequent use, though the lens has been removed from this particular scale’s magnifying glass. <br /><br /> Two apparatus control knobs are located on the wooden frame: one on the front side, directly below the front door’s lifting knob; and one on the right side, at the middle along the top. The front knob can be rotated clockwise and counterclockwise to adjust the sensitivity of the measurement platforms. The right knob can be rotated in either direction, and pushed in and pulled out, though not entirely. The particular purpose of this knob is unknown because its mechanisms in conjunction with the rest of the scale are broken, though it may have once served to adjust the balance of the scale. <br /><h5><strong>Functional Description</strong> </h5>
In order to use the scale, the user must adjust the knob on the front of the wood box that will move the stoppers under the metal plates. This will keep the scale from moving when adding the object/weights to each of the metal plates. The user then places the object to be weighed on one of the metal plates, and places weights of known value (not included in this particular artifact), on the other plate. Then the user turns the knob until the stoppers are no longer beneath the metal plates, and the plates are hanging freely. If the pointer hangs directly straight down, the load is balanced. If not, the process needs to be repeated by placing the stoppers beneath the plates again, then adding or removing weight in order to get the pointer to hang straight down. While the user is observing the pointer, it is important to close the glass door on the box to prevent airflow from impacting the results. The user will continue this until the pointer hangs straight down. Once the pointer is hanging straight down the user can sum the amount of weights added to the pan to find the weight of the object. The weight of the object is equal to the amount of added weight when the load is balanced.<br /><br /><a title="The Care and Use of a Balance" href="https://www2.humboldt.edu/scimus/Instruments/UseCareBal/UseCareBal.htm" target="_blank">The Care and Use of a Balance</a>
Stuart Gillette, Micaiah Grossmann, Sam Meluch, Nicholas Minarich, and Keeli Winquist
English
physical object
MCMT-9614 | R20770
These inscriptions could be make and model numbers, or relate to the manufacturing of the scale such as a serial number or tracking identifier.
USA
Radiotron
<em>Physical Description</em>: The Radiotron is a tall glass tube that stands 41cm high. The total width of the Radiotron is 25cm. The main glass sphere has a diameter of 18.34 cm. Attached to one side of this sphere is a tubular piece that has an outside diameter of 3.175 cm and an inside diameter of 2.5cm. The tubular piece is extruded 6 cm out from the sphere. The main body has two steel pegs that are used as electrical contact points. At the bottom of the structure there is a steel collar where wires are fed into the Radiotron. The Radiotron has many important internal parts; comprised of steel, steel mesh, and aluminum as seen in the figure which shows a detailed drawing of the Radiotron. <br /><br /><em>Functional Description</em>: The Radiotron is a triode vacuum-tube, working through a process known as thermionic emission, in which a cathode tube is heated so that it throws off electrons in the surrounding space. Surrounding the cathode is a metal plate which, if positively charged, will attract the ejected electrons, establishing a current. The radiotron is a triode vacuum tube, in which a small metal metsh is placed between the cathode and the anode plate. This mesh, if connected to a negative voltage, can reduce or shut off the stream of electrons from the cathode to the anode. This setup allows for small changes in voltage through the mesh to correspond to large voltage changes in the anode acting as an electric amplifier. The Radiotron is then attached as part of a larger circuit, in the case of our object, likely as a power amplifier aboard a navy ship.
Emily Oppliger, Grayson Hooper, Anthony Miller, Colton Kettlehut, Cam Dulong
Related to vacuum tubes
Physical Object
English
Pendulum Astrolabe
Astronomical measurements: Astronomy
<strong>Physical Description:</strong> The instrument is situated on a gray base that is 34 cm long x 21.5 cm across x 1cm high. The object is able to rotate on this base to make the viewing of objects easier. The instrument consists of two eyepieces and two lenses, one set being larger than the other. The lens and eyepieces form a near right angle. When viewed from the side, the device looks like two black check marks, one large and one small. The device is 48cm high (top of base to the top of the eyepiece), 32 cm long (tip of lense to the tip of eyepiece), and 21 cm across. The lens are 7.5 cm across and 4.5 cm across each. There are some inscriptions near the base that denote the name of the device, maker of the devices, city and state, and some serial numbers. At first glance, the object looks like a microscope, however rather than looking into a slide or something similar, the thing the observer is viewing is being reflected from the other end of the lens into the eyepiece using a mirror suspended inside the instrument. <br /><br /><strong>Functional Description: </strong>First, place your eye near the eyepiece and look into it. After looking into the eyepiece, align the reticle in the eyepiece with the astronomical body that you are measuring. When the reticle and the body are aligned, this means that the body is at an altitude of 60 degrees. The light that enters the lens is then reflected into the eyepiece using a mirror that is suspended inside the instrument.<br /><br />The name "pendulum astrolabe" may seem strange at first becasue the device neither looks like a typical astrolabe nor does it appear to have a pendulum located on or in the device. However, an astrolabe is simply a device used to measure the altitudes of astronomical bodies. Also, the mirror located inside the device is suspended in a pendulum-like fashion.<br /><br />The actual measurement of 60 degrees seems unimportant other than that it is known that the angle is in fact 60 degrees. This can used to determiniation the declination of an astornomical body. If one measures every time that body crosses the 60 degree mark, then they could make a more educated statment about the motion of that body (period of its revolutions, etc.).
Johnathan Jaehnig, Joachim Wright, Ben Denys, and Paul Bahle
1952
English
Physical Object
M-5107
United States
American Thompson Steam Gauge
Steam Engines; Pressure Systems; Artillery
Physical Description:<br /><p dir="ltr"><span>The Thompson Improved Steam Indicator comes in a dark stained wooden box 285mm wide, 207mm deep, and 240mm tall. It opens about halfway up its height to reveal a number of objects. The box, as well as various components, are serial numbered 4994. Inside the box there are pockets as well as mounts for the various objects to go into which can be seen in the images provided.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>In the center is the steam indicator, which resembles two off-center attached cylinders screwed onto a mount. The cylinders are both 90mm in height and 50mm in diameter. The top cylinder has a slot to affix a cardstock, a stylus arm and pull string. The bottom cylinder has the arm holding the stylus and a spring inside to control the stylus arm. The bottom of the bottom cylinder has threads and ties to the mount on the bottom of the box, as well as thumb bars on the bottom to attach or unattach it by hand.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>The steam indicator comes with 6 springs numbered 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 80, which range in length from 53-63mm long. These springs are threaded onto mounts on the upper half of the box and can replace the spring inside the bottom cylinder of the steam indicator. This allows the system to make more precise graphs depending on the pressure that the engine is putting out.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>In addition to the above, there are also two globe shut-off valves with thread sizes of 20 and 25mm. The valves come with caps for one side to prevent damage to the threads that could result in inadequate attachment . There is also a torque wrench used to tighten the lower cylinder onto the engine that the indicator will be attached to. There is also a small vial of oil, for the joints of the stylus arm or the springs. There was also a specialized wrench designed to tighten the components in order to prevent gas leaks. The final component was a ruler with a screw driver end that allowed for the dismantling of the indicator as well as measuring the height of the graphs drawn by the arm allowing the user to find the pressure in the system.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>Functional Description:<br /></span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>In order to use the Thompson steam indicator, the user fastened</span><span> the stainless-steel ball valve to the steam engine being analyzed. The indicator was then be fastened to the open end of the ball valve via a threaded connection. With the ball valve opened, the steam within the engine’s piston</span><span> exerts pressure on a spring enclosed within a 100 mm tall, 30 mm diam. cylinder of the indicator. A plunger connected to the spring is </span><span> </span><span>forced upward depending upon the force received by the spring. The motion of the plunger moves the 80 mm long arm vertically, which determines the markings made by the attached pencil. The pencil marks a piece of paper, which is wrapped around the upper cylinder (90 mm tall and 51 mm dia) of the indicator. Wrapped around this upper cylinder is a string whose function is to rotate the cylinder about its center. If the string were left free to hang, the steam pressure pushes the pencil upward, making a straight vertical line on the paper. However, the string was fastened to a component of the engine to allow for the engine piston and the cylinder to move in unison. The string moves the cylinder of the steam indicator in unison with the piston throughout the entire stroke, and a continuous marking is made to illustrate the pressure at each point of the stroke as the pencil is moved upward and downward while the cylinder pivots throughout the process. Thus, the vertical motion of the pencil graphs changes in pressure, while the rotation of the cylinder indicates the phase of the piston cycle, and so in unison the pencil plots a diagram of the pressure cycle in the engine.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>The indicator was designed to record the stroke of a steam engine, particularly locomotives. At the start of the stroke, the inlet valve opens completely, allowing the maximum force to be applied to the spring by the steam. The pencil marks a horizontal line at its highest point in the cycle from left to right. At cut-off, the inlet valve closes and expansion of the steam occurs, during which the force gradually decreases. This phase is indicated by a pencil mark resembling an exponential decay curve. At release</span><span>, the exhaust valve opens, releasing the steam and the force is at its minimum, resulting in a straight horizontal pencil mark at the lowest point of the curve—this time from right to left. When the exhaust valve closes, compression occurs, causing a gradual rise in pressure. When the inlet valve opens again, the gradual increase in pressure becomes a sharp increase, causing the pencil to mark a straight vertical line returning to the first point of the cycle when the steam pressure exerts its greatest force on the spring. The end product of this device is a card illustrating the change in pressure throughout the continuous cycle of the steam engine. For an engine operating at 250 RPM, the device could generate one cycle plot (or card) per minute.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>The spring within the indicator can be replaced with a larger spring to record higher steam engine pressures. The set of springs are marked according to their compressive strength: the spring marked #100 converts the force from 100 psi gauge-pressure</span><span>steam into a pencil movement of one inch, a #80 spring converts 80 psig steam into a movement of one inch, and so on.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>Though the steam indicator was primarily used on locomotives, it could also be applied to traction engines and artillery</span><span>. Due to the high cost of the indicator, it was seldom used on traction engines beyond the confines of the factory in which it was produced. When applied to heavy artillery, the oil in the recoil chamber would replace the steam as the working fluid and exert a pressure on the spring.</span><span> The string would be fastened to the barrel to allow for the recoil movement to pull on the string.</span></p>
Elsa Schwartz, Collin Graf, Sarah Hartman, Joel VanLanen, and Patrick Demorest.
1904
English
Physical object
Serial no. 4994
United States of America
Dietzgen Master-Pro Drafting Instrument Set
Drafting; Engineering; Architecture; Cartography
<p><strong>Physical Description: </strong>The drafting set is stored in a simple grey case with a red felt interior. The case only has three words on the outside cover: “Made in Germany”. The only markings on the inside of the case are the letters “DS” written in marker on the felt; presumably the initials of the original owner. Though the case is plain and simple, the drafting tools contained inside are intricate and precise. The set includes a large and small compass, a beam compass (with an extension), attachments for the compasses, both a ruling and technical pen, a pair of dividers, and a screwdriver. With these tools come replacement parts carried in capsules. The replacement parts consist of screws and heads for the compasses and ruling pen.</p>
<p><strong>Functional Description: </strong>The purpose of drafting tools is to create precise diagrams which convey how something functions or should be constructed. Drafting plays an important role in manufacturing, engineering, architecture, and cartography.</p>
<p>The function of the case is simply to store and protect the drafting tools, and keep them neat and organized. The interior of the case has slots fitted to the tools so that there is minimal movement when the case is carried. The dividers are used to quickly compare and transfer measurements, and to divide lines into segments. The compasses are used for drawing circles and arcs, and come in a variety of sizes to allow the drawing of very small circles in the case of the small compass, and very large circles in the case of the beam compass. The technical pen is used in order to draw lines of a fixed width, where as the ruling pen allows for the width of lines to be varied. There are a number of attachments that can used with the ruling pen and compasses in order to change between writing in ink and lead. Typically the initial revisions of a draft are done with lead, and then the pens are used later to create the final draft.</p>
Andrew Brusso, Rachel Fernstrum, Jacob Hedman, Nathan Regan, Zac Taylor
c. 1930
English
physical object
Germany
Enraf Nonius Cad 4 Turbo X-ray Diffractometer
X-ray Crystallography
Physical Description:
Machine is black, white and gray with a square base. The back of the base has several slots for the cords to be attached. On the back side is also a long thin piece of silver metal with inscriptions SERIE NR., U.S.PAT. 3.636.347, and BRIT.PAT. 1.267.440. One side of the base has two metal boxes attached an equal distance apart horizontally and centered vertically. On the base stands two separate columns. The first column is bent in the middle forming the shape of a V. This column has three lights on top with the words x-rays on, shutter closed, and shutter opened. One of three lasers is attached to this column as well. On the area of the column that the laser is located is also a chunk of metal with the inscription SIEMENS, Type, Nr, 60 kV, kW, and MADE IN GERMANY. About one third of this piece of metal is yellow with the inscription CAUTION X-RAYS, THIS EQUIPMENT PRODUCES X-RAYS WHEN ENERGIZED. On the opposite side of the machine is a black flat piece of metal with a circular area and a longer narrower area. In the middle of the circular area is a pillar that holds the mineral specimen. In this area is also a microscope attached to the base, as well as a circular piece of silver metal with numbers inscribed along the edges. Along the narrower area of the flat black piece is a second column, which looks like the first column. This column holds only a laser, which is located directly across from the laser on the first column, and two slots for the cords. There is a small bar that begins right before the laser that attaches column one to column two.
Functional Description:
To operate the x-ray diffractometer, a small crystal sample is loaded into a glass container and then placed in the path of the x-rays. A computer is then used to start up the machine, which takes about 3 days to run. At the end of the 3 days, an image is produced which shows the diffraction pattern of the sample.
The crystals in the sample diffract the x-rays in multiple directions, which then shows up on the image produced. This pattern can then be used to produce an image of electron density within the crystal, which leads to an image of the exact positioning of the atoms within the crystal as well as the locations of chemical bonds.
Sean Golden, Caleb Korson, Alex Person, Stefan RhodeHumphries
c. 1973
Physical Object
Netherlands
Surveying Transit
Surveying
Physical Description:<br /><br />The transit is broken up into three different layers. Starting at the base, there is a opening in the bottom allowing the device to be fixed to a tripod, or legs as they were referred to by Gurley, the creator of the transit. (1) Just above the base sit three brass leveling screws which supported the brass leveling base. On top of the leveling base were the lower horizontal tangent and locking knob. A small, cylindrical support leads from the leveling base to the circular Vernier Plate. In the middle of the Vernier Plate is the compass, which has a steel interior and a brass exterior. The compass is held in place by two needles. On the outside of the Vernier Plate as N and W, there are two Plate Vials, or levels. At W and E of the compass, there are twin supports that lead up to the telescope. At the top of one of these two-legged supports is a vertical circle which runs parallel to another Vernier Plate to find relative angles. Suspended from the two-legged supports is the telescope. Below the telescope is another level. <br /><br />Functional Description:<br /><br />This device is used to measure very precise angles both vertically and horizontally. The surveyor would set the device on a flat surface and look through the transit to sight it in on point they wanted to know relative to them. They would then take the compass and vertical dial angle readings. This process takes a bit of patience. First, they adjust the four base knobs until the device reads level on the two levels next to the compass, assuring accurate measurements. Failing to do so would cause the surveyor to grossly miscalculate their position. They then line up the compass so the north lines up with the needle. At this point, the surveyor unlocks the transit scope from it horizontal and vertical axes and point it at the point in question. The surveyor uses the focus knob on the side of the scope to get a clear image then locks the scope in place. The surveyor makes further horizontal and vertical adjustments using the fine adjustment knobs and checking the progress through the scope. When satisfied that the scope is on point, the surveyor takes the horizontal bearing from the gauge around the compass and the vertical angle from the vertical dial on the side of the scope. These measurements can be used to help calculate distances and elevations using trigonometry.<br /><br />1. (Gurley Manual of Surveying Instruments)
Timothy Judge, Xena Cortez, James Dykstra, and Conner Deur
Between 1880 and 1908
English
Physical Object
No accession number
United States of America
Two-circle Contact Goniometer
Geology, Mineralogy and Crystallography
<strong>Physical Description:<br /></strong> <br />The two-circle contact goniometer has a tripod brass base painted black. A small brass graduated disc is connected to the center of the base on a pedestal, and the center of this disc is allowed to rotate. A small pedestal is raised from the center of this disc for the placement of the mineral. A second large brass graduated circle runs perpendicular to the disc so that it arches over the disc and is connected to the tripod base on either end. A brass contact bar runs perpendicular to the large circle. One end of the contact bar sticks above the circle and has a knob, while the other end of the contact bar is near the center of the circle and bears a flat edge. A contact bar is bolted to a brass piece that surrounds the circle, leaving the graduated side visible.
<strong><br />Functional Description:<br /></strong>
<p dir="ltr"><span>To set up the two-circle contact goniometer, a crystal is placed on the specimen holder such that one crystal face is parallel to the graduated disk (also called the stage). The crystal face that is fixed to the specimen holder is selected based on the axis of a prominent zone. All measurements are taken in relation to this zone. Next, the contact bar is then positioned such that its end is parallel to and in contact with a second crystal face. The goniometer is used to find an intersection point between pairs of crystal faces. An intersection point can be visualized as a point which connects two perpendicular lines drawn from the two crystal faces. The intersection point is written as coordinates: one measured on the stage and one on the vertical circle. The stage has a range from 0 to 360 degrees. The vertical circle measures from 0 to 110 degrees. The coordinates can also be thought of as a polar distance and azimuth which are then plotted on a projection. Once all the intersection points have been determined and plotted, trigonometry is used to calculate the interfacial angles and indices. </span></p>
<div><span> </span></div>
Kelvyn Van Laarhoven, Stephanie Peterson, Kathryn Wells, Matthew Champion and Audri Mills
c. 1890-1910
English
Physical Object
UW38A106 P.STOE | HEIDELBERG | GERMANY
United States Of America, Germany
Raman Spectrometer
Chemistry, Spectroscopy
Functional: The Raman Spectrometer was and is used to measure stretching of bonds by measuring the inelastic scattering of light, which are output in lines of light also known as excitation lines, for the sample being collected. To test a sample the experimenter would place a glass capillary tube with a sample of the material being detected on the sampling apparatus, which is a black pedestal surrounded by concave mirrors, or under the microscope. The mirrors found around the apparatus will reflect light back at the sample from different angles so as to get the best reading of raman by testing the sample from all angles. Another way to test the sample would be to place the sample under the microscope, which is found to the left of the black pedestal when viewed from the front, on a glass plate. The microscope then scans the energy lines using its own scanning mirrors to measure the sample from all sides. The microscope is best utilized when something is under high temperatures and pressures (Hariba). Next the laser must be set to the right intensity and frequency, which can be determined by the ampere meter and the power meter, depending on the sample. “Samples are excited using either an argon ion laser or krypton ion laser which provide a multitude of excitation lines”(University of Sydney). This allows for accurate measurement of the vibrations of the sample. The laser is initiated by the user and once turned on will shine through a series of mirrors ,located around the base of the machine, and lenses, which are maneuverable and set by the operator to concentrate the light to one intensity before it hits the sample, which can also be moved up and down using the black knob attached to the apparatus. The concave mirrors will reflect the laser back towards the sample and then the shift in wavelength is then observed for the sample by a detector, in this case a photomultiplier, that measures the intensity of light leaving the sample. The photomultiplier provides analysis of the sample around the range of 1.5 um. The machine will also output a numerical value for the change in Raman on the top of the machine. The experimenter then reads this information given a graphical representation of the shift in wavelength.
Physical: The Raman Spectrometer consists of a large rectangular center module made of sheet metal. Surrounding this main piece are various instruments and dials. The whole system is set up on a table; on the back side of the center structure there is a laser emitter which is the longest object on the table, extending the entire length (1820 mm). The laser is sent through a series of lenses and mirrors that wrap around to the front of the system and shine into the sampling apparatus. The sampling apparatus is a stage in a square box with concave mirrors located on three out of the four faces with the other face allowing the laser light in. To the right of the sampling apparatus is a microscope that is used similarly to the sample apparatus. On top of the main housing, from left to right, there is a power meter in the front, in the middle back there is a meter measuring cm and change in centimeters, and on the far right there is a small digital display. The on/off switch is located on the right face of the machine behind the microscope.
Emily Lilla, Patrick Kidwell, Jacob Walcott, Kennedy Oparka, and Kelsey Bland
1928: Invented
C.V Raman & K.S. Krishnan
Similar to IR Spectrophotometers
Physical Object
English
U 1000
Picket Model 1000 Slide Rule
Mathematics
<span style="text-decoration:underline;"><br /><span>Physical Description:</span></span> The Pickett 1000 slide rule is made of three rectangular bars of aluminum alloy coated in plastic with grooved slides. Two bars are connected at the end with braces that are mounted to the flat side of the bars and the third bar is free to slide between them, held in place by slide tension springs. The two outer bars are called stators and the inner bar is referred to as the slide. The slide rule also has a courser made of two flat lenses held together by aluminum above and below the upper and lower stators. Each bar of the Pickett 1000 slide rule has at least one scale on it. The front side of the slide rule has the DF scale on the upper stator CF, CIF, CI and C scales on the slide and D and L scales on the lower stator. The back side of the slide rule has an A scale in the top stator B, T, ST, and S scales on the slide and K and D scales on the lower stator.<br /><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><br />Functional Description:</span> <span>Slide rules work on a system of logarithms. In order to do multiplication the slide rule adds two logarithms and takes the antilog to determine the answer. Because the slide rule uses logarithmic scales, the operation is simplified. If the user wanted to multiply two numbers together they would move one of the indices on the C scale to the first number that they wish to multiply on the D scale .They would then move the cursor to the second number in the multiplication on the C scale and look at the corresponding number on the D scale. So, if you wanted to multiply 2 and 4 you would move the left index of the C scale to the 2 on the D scale, move the cursor to the 4 on the C scale and see that the answer Is 8. To do division the inverse is done. To find the square and square root the A or B scale and the D scale are used. Locate the number of the square root you want to find using the cursor, when found the corresponding number on the D scale is the answer. To find the square the inverse is found. cube and cube root K scale and the D scale are used. To find the cube root take the number and find it on the K scale read the corresponding number on the D scale. To find the cube the inverse is performed. Scales available on the slide C and D used for multiplication and Division, CF and DF used for multiplication and division when the C and D scales run out. The CI and CIF scales are the inverse of the C scale and CF scale respectively. The S T slides are used for sine and tangent of greater than 5.7 degrees while the ST slide is used for degrees less than 5.7 degrees. The A and B scales are used in the calculation of squares and square roots. The L scale is used for the Log base 10 of a number.</span>.<br /><span><span><br /></span></span>
Trevor Cretney, Adam Kausch, Matthew Luebke, and Adam Miller
International Slide Rule Museum. ISRM is the world's largest free digital repository of all things concerning slide rules and other math artifacts. There are over 7000 Images or PDF's in the ISRM Galleries">. Web. 22 Mar. 2017. <http://sliderulemuseum.com/SR_Scales.htm>.
Konshak, Mike. Pickett Chronology. JPG.
Hartung, Maurice L. How to use the Ortho-phase duplex slide rule. Pickett & Eckel, 1948. PDF.
1957
English
physical object
United States