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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
MEEM
Description
An account of the resource
Historic scientific instruments held by the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
Physical Object
Use this field for any solid object.
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
[Box] 381mm(w), 246mm(h), 216mm(d); inside: 11in(w), 8.5in(h), 7.25in(d)
[Base: 273mm(w), 21mm(h), 180mm(d)
[Pressure Apparatus] base: 100mm diam.; primary arm: 82mm(h) with 40mm cube joint; perpendicular arm: 100mm(l), 60mm(h); diagonal arm: 150-220mm(l), 35mm diam. (without bolt).
[Oil Well: 76mm/3in(w), 42mm(h), 76mm/3in(d); spout: 30mm(diameter), 42mm(h)
[Disc: 144mm/4.5in(diameter), 4mm(h); Disc Shaft: 17mm(diameter), 90mm/3.5in(h)
[Bolts: 5mm(diameter, all male ends), 13mm(male, bolt 1), 13mm(female, bolt 2), 9mm(female, bolt 3), 4mm(male, bolt 4)
[Notepads] 3in(w), 7in(h)
[Wrench] 47mm(w), 13mm(h), 115mm(d)
Materials
Brass, wood, steel, paper, oil
Maker
Crosby Steam Gage & Valve Co., Boston, MA
Inscriptions
[Base] 1076
[Main Upright Brass Cylinder] PAT. MAR 11, 1884
[Perpendicular cylinder knob] OPEN | DRAIN | X | X
[Oil Pan] PAT. U.S.A. DEVERALL’S
Location
The location of the interview
MEEM (3rd Floor Display Case)
Bibliography
<ul><li>Charles E. Ashcroft, “<a href="https://www.datamp.org/patents/search/advance.php?pn=295093&id=58181%20&set=3.">Pressure-Gage-Testing Apparatus.</a>” US Patent 295,093, Mar. 11, 1884. Www.datamp.org.</li>
<li>F.J. Deverall, "<a href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US301575A/en">Can</a>,” US Patent 301,575, July 8, 1884. Google Patents.</li>
<li>U.S. Geological Survey, “<a href="https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/why-does-usgs-use-spelling-gage-instead-gauge">Why Does the USGS Use the Spelling ‘Gage’ instead of ‘Gauge’?</a>” n.d. Www.usgs.gov. Accessed March 27, 2023.</li>
</ul>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Pressure Gage Testing Apparatus
Subject
The topic of the resource
gauges; steam engineering; mechanical engineering; boilers
Description
An account of the resource
<h4>Physical Description</h4>
A brass pressure gauge testing apparatus kit inside a fitted wooden case. The kit consists of a wooden base, brass cylinders, a reflective metallic weigh plate, four bolts, an oil pan, two notepads, and a steel wrench. <br /><br />The main brass body of the instrument is composed of 3 cylinders: 1) a main upright cylinder with threaded cap that is removed to insert the weigh plate; 2) an L-shaped arm with a horizontal cylinder perpendicular to the main one whose diameter varies by about 10mm and a 90° upward bend, terminating in a threaded opening; and 3) an upright diagonal cylinder that has a threaded adjustment arm within for adjusting pressure inside the apparatus during the testing of a pressure gauge. The L-shaped arm has a valve release knob on its horizontal portion and a threaded top on its vertical portion where a threaded pressure gauge attaches. <br /><br />The rest of the kit is organized in engineered slots for all of the components. The instrument fits snugly within the wooden case, the metallic weigh plate is held in place on the wooden kit base with 3 adjustable wooden pegs. Four pressure gauge adapters for different thread combinations fit into four wooden holes to the right of the wooden kit base, and the oil pan fits just underneath an oil release valve on the horizontal portion of the L-shaped arm. In addition, notepads and a wrench are kept in the case, but without dedicated spots. <br /><br />The wooden case itself has a single metal latch on the front face and a handle on the top. It is marked with a Michigan College of Mining and Technology property tag underneath the latch that reads “MCMT-1 741 1” ,which places the date of acquisition of this instrument between 1925 and 1967, the period in which out university bore that name. (A paper tag that reads “5” attached with cellophane tape is presumably just a collection number for the MEEM department records). <br /><br />There are several inscriptions engraved on the instrument. On the top of the wooden base at the rear there is “1073” likely indicating a production number, the 1073rd apparatus to come out of production from Crosby Steam Gage & Valve Co. On the main upright cylinder is engraved “PAT. MAR 11 1884”, signifying the date a U.S. patent was granted. On the knob of the perpendicular cylinder, “DRAIN” and “OPEN” are on the flat faces to signify the position on the internal drain valve. “X” appears on both of the small side faces of the knob to signify the stoppage of oil flow. The inside face on the spout of the oil pan also has an engraving “PAT. U.S.A. DEVERALL’S”, signifying the producer of the pan.
<h4>Functional Description</h4>
The instrument is intended to be attached to pressure gauges on steam engines and other steam machinery with pressure gauge displays to test their accuracy. <br /><br />To properly use the instrument, one would unscrew the cap on the main upright brass cylinder and insert the metallic weight plate. Then, they would select one of the four adapters that matches the threading type and size (they take the ¾-16 thread to either 13mm(male), 13mm(female), 9mm(female), or 4mm(male)) of the pressure gauge to be tested and screw that into the receptacle at the end of the L-arm. The kit-provided wrench may be used to tighten the bolt, and a weight (not included with the kit) would be placed on top of the metallic weigh plate. The threaded adjustment arm in the diagonal cylinder would then be screwed in or out to bleed off the appropriate amount of pressure as to not launch the weigh plate off of the apparatus, and the pressure gauge would then be screwed into the aforementioned bolt on the perpendicular arm to begin testing. The results would then be recorded on the provided notepad. Oil that collects inside the apparatus from the steam is periodically drained into the provided pan and refilled as necessary to prevent pressure buildup or malfunction in the instrument. <br /><br />It is not known the methods for which the threaded pressure adjustment arm in the diagonal cylinder are properly used, as there are no provided instructions or documentation with the instrument or available in records online. It can be assumed that the calculations for how much pressure to release when testing are able to be performed by hand based on the amount of pressure the gauge being tested is responsible for.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Peyton Hall
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
c.1884
Language
A language of the resource
English
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
MTU (MCMT) property tag 17411. MEEM Inventory #5
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
United States of America
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
physical object
19C
Mechanical Engineering
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
MEEM
Description
An account of the resource
Historic scientific instruments held by the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
Physical Object
Use this field for any solid object.
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
Minimum: 152.4mm X 38.1mm X 7.9mm
Maximum Extended: 279.4mm X 38.1mm X 7.9mm
Materials
Aluminum, Plastic
Maker
Pickett & Eckel - Chicago, Illinois, US
Inscriptions
MODEL | N600-ES | LOG LOG | SPEED RULE | PICKETT | MADE IN USA | PICKETT | ALL METAL | SLIDE RULES | PICKETT & ECKEL. | INC. | CHICAGO, ILL | © 1962
Scale Label Inscription in Order (Description, Function, Range)
LL1 (Log Log, e0.01x, greater than 1: 1.01-1.15 and less than 1: descending 0.99-0.91, Logarithmic) |
A (Scale of squares, x2, two repeated 1-10 scales, Logarithmic) |
B (Scale of Squares, x2, two repeated 1-10 scales, Logarithmic) |
ST (Scale of sines and tangents, sin(x) tan(x), 0.6-5.5, Logarithmic) |
T (Scale of tangents and cotangents, tan(x) cot(x), 6-45 ascending and 84-45 descending, Logarithmic) |
S (Scale of sines and cosines, sin(x) cos(x), 5.8-90 ascending and 20-84 descending, Logarithmic) |
C (Fundamental Slide Rule Scale, x, 1-10, Logarithmic) |
D (Fundamental Slide Rule Scale, x, 1-10, Logarithmic) |
DI (Reciprocal D scale, 1/x, descending 1-10, Logarithmic) |
K (Scale of cubes, x3, three repeated 1-10 scales, Logarithmic) |
LL2 (Log Log, e0.1x, greater than 1: 1.11-e and less than 1: descending 0.90-0.40, Logarithmic) |
DF (Folded D scale, x*pi, pi-10 then 1-pi, Logarithmic) |
CF (Folded C scale, x*pi, pi-10 then 1-pi, Logarithmic) |
Ln (Natural log scale, ln(x), 0-2.3, Linear) |
L (Log scale, log(x), 1-10, Linear) |
CI (Reciprocal C scale, 1/x, descending 1-10, Logarithmic) |
C (Repeated) |
D (Repeated) |
LL3 (Log Log, ex, greater than 1: e-20M and less than 1: descending 0.37-0.0001, Logarithmic)
History of the Object
Slides rules were used in math intensive engineering courses to perform calculations. Slides rules were eventually replaced by calculators and are now mostly obsolete.
Location
The location of the interview
MEEM, Third floor display case, 3rd case from the right, 2nd shelf
Bibliography
MacKenzie, D. Scott. “Illustrated Self-Guided Course On How To Use The Slide Rule.” Sliderulermuseum. November 18, 2019. https://www.sliderulemuseum.com/SR_Course.htm
Marcotte, Eric. “Types of Slide Rules and their Scales.” Sliderule. November 18, 2019. https://www.sliderule.ca/scales.htm
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Pickett Model N600-ES Log Log Speed Rule
Subject
The topic of the resource
Engineering; Mechanical Engineering; Mathematics
Description
An account of the resource
Physical Description:
The Pickett Model N600-ES Log Log slide rule is constructed using three yellow painted aluminum bars. The “ES” in the model name means “Eye-Saver” and refers to the yellow painted construction. The two outer bars are called the stators and are attached by a brace on both ends. The braces create a gap between the two stators where the third aluminum bar, called the slide, fits into the grooves between the two stators. A clear plastic cursor slides along the outside of the stators. The cursor has a vertical hairline marker on both sides of the slide rule for lining up the scales between the slide and stators. The upper stator has LL1 and A scales on the front side and LL2 and DF scales on the backside. The lower stator has D, DI, and K scales on the front side and D and LL3 scales on the backside. The slide has B, ST, T, S, and C scales on the front side and CF, Ln, L, CI, and C scales on the backside. The scales are usually logarithmic with a few exceptions such as the L and Ln scale which are log operations with a linear scale. The index of a scale is the furthest left number for the left index or the furthest right number for the right index. The scale ranges and operations are described under inscriptions.
Functional Description:
The Pickett Model N600-ES Log Log slide rule is a duplex slide rule. A duplex slide rule has scales on both sides of the slide rule and a dual-faced cursor. The dual-faced cursor allows for relating one side of the scale to the other side for a greater number of calculations. Logarithmic scales have a multiplication and division property discovered by William Oughtred in 1630 that allow for the operations of multiplication and division instead of addition and subtraction of linear scales. Multiplication is the simplest operation on a slide rule using the two fundamental scales, C and D. To multiply two numbers, x and y, the left index of C is positioned over x on the D scale. Then the cursor is position over y on the C scale. The value of the cursor on the D scale is the solution to x multiplied by y. The decimal place may need to be adjusted to get the correct order of magnitude since the C and D scale has values ranging from 1 to 10. The other scales are used to perform different operations such as squares, reciprocals, exponentials, and sines, cosines, and tangents.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Gideon Hoekstra, Nick Renke, Donovan Doran, Erik Madson
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1962
Language
A language of the resource
English
20C
20th Century
Eckel
Engineering
Mathematics
Mechanical Engineering
Pickett
Scale
Slide
Slide Rule