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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Physics
Description
An account of the resource
Historic scientific instruments held by the Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
Physical Object
Use this field for any solid object.
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
<em>*Referring to the front of the box being the locking side and the measurements being inturpreted from left to right*<br /></em><br /><strong>Tube Dimensions:</strong> 155 cm Long. Diameters of outermost feature of glass from leftmost to right: 33.15mm 53.54mm 34.01mm Bulb - 29.8cm circumference 33.64mm 51.80mm 33.43mm Tube Mass 984.4 grams<br /><br /><strong>Box dimensions:</strong> 162.5cm Length x 14.5cm Height x 15.2cm Width. Box wall thickness at 1cm and holding blocks thickness at 2cm. Distance between holding blocks 138.5cm. Height of holding blocks 17.8cm *<em>Referring to the front of the box being the locking side and the blocks being numbered from left to right</em>. Distance between storage blocks 1 and 2 is 61.3cm. Distance between storage blocks 2 and 3 is 83.3cm. Distance between locks 1 and 2 is 61.8cm. Distance between locks 2 and 3 is 60.3cm. Glass sections Width - 9.2cm Length - 48.7cm<br /><br /><br /><strong>Random items:</strong> Traces of excelsior (shredded fluffy wood) which was possibly used to ship the item.<br />String attached to storage block 2 Bottom of box is unfinished Strange piece of wood found in the box
Materials
<strong>Tube:</strong> Primarily glass filled with a currently unknown gas, as well as a unknown liquid. Two electrodes made of a currently unidentifiable metal, but however thought to be platinum coated. (Contents are all inside glass tubes and cannot be physically tested without destroying the instrument) <br /><br /><strong>Box:</strong> Wood, glass, felt, and brass
Maker
Cenco - Central Scientific Company, Chicago Illinois
Inscriptions
<p>Inventory numbers on box: 0066 or 9900 | 74500 <br /><br /><strong><strong>Included Slip: </strong></strong>Inventory Numbers on slip: 5700 | 74500<br />"Description: Cenco Gleisser Tube for demonstrating the ionization of a gas under a the influence of a high potential. 155cm long. (An <span style="text-decoration:underline;">irreplaceable</span> eleaborate piece of glass blowing.)"<br /><br />Rec'd <span style="text-decoration:underline;"> HH </span> Cost <span style="text-decoration:underline;"> $200 </span><br />The cost was crossed out with the word void above it (See photo)</p>
History of the Object
This Geissler tube was made by Cenco in Chicago IL. It is undated, however due to a purchase slip for the piece containing both MTU and MCMT (standing for Michigan Technological University and Michigan College of Mining and Technology, respectively) it was likely purchased in the 1960s, around the time Michigan Tech changed its name for the final time. Cenco or Central Scientific Company was created in 1900 out of the former Olmstad Scientific Company which was destroyed in a fire. Cenco sold scientific education equipment through a mail order catalogue.
Age - 40+ years old purchased back when MTU had the name MCMT, bought for $200 adjusted for inflation about $1600 today.
Location
The location of the interview
Physics Department
Bibliography
<ul><li>Greenslade, Jr. Thomas B. "<a href="http://physics.kenyon.edu/EarlyApparatus/Static_Electricity/Geissler_Tubes/Geissler_Tubes.html.">Geissler Tubes</a>." Kenyon College Physics. Accessed March 22, 2017. [2024: URL is down, but top page is at <a href="https://physics.kenyon.edu/EarlyApparatus/">https://physics.kenyon.edu/EarlyApparatus/</a>]</li>
<li>"<a href="https://www.crtsite.com/page6.html">Geissler tubes. The first page, discharge light</a>," <em>The Cathode Ray Tube site</em>. Accessed March 21, 2024. [lots of images of functioning tubes]</li>
</ul>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Geissler Tube
Description
An account of the resource
<h2>Physical Description</h2>
This Geissler tube is approximately 155 centimeters long and weighs 984.4 grams or about 2.17 pounds. The outer tube is made up of symmetric sections of long tubes with a large bulb at the center. These sections themselves contain smaller sections of various tubes and bulbs. These smaller sections hold the conducting fluids and rare gases that when electrified create different colors of light. These smaller sections of glass tubing were made to be attention grabbing with swirling, spiraling and zig-zagging shapes. <br /><p><br /><strong>Condition:</strong> Damaged, electrical damage that blackened one side and knocked the platinum electrodes loose. The instrument may possibly work with a tesla field. This Geissler tube is missing the small wires that should extend from both ends to allow it to be hooked up to a power source.</p>
<h2><br />Functional Use</h2>
A Geissler tube is a gas discharge tube that lights up or fluoresces when a current is applied to the electrodes at either end of the tube. Geissler tubes were a novelty used for entertainment, but could also be used for demonstrations in classes like physics or chemistry. They were also used as high voltage indicators because they light up without contact when brought near a high voltage alternating current. Unfortunately this Geissler tube has a broken electrode on one end and is inoperable. To use the Geissler tube, the user must apply high voltage across the electrodes on each end of the glass tube. When a current is applied and flows through the tube, an electrical field is created between the two electrodes. In general, any free electrons in an electrical field will accelerate from the negative electrode towards the positive electrode. The electrons in the tube accelerating from the negative electrode to the positive electrode, will collide with the gas molecules in the tube. This collision may cause the electrons to give some of their energy to the gas molecules they are colliding with causing the gas molecules jump to a higher energy or excited state. The gas molecules do not stay in their excited state, instead they get rid of their excess energy by emitting their excess energy as light. The energy that is emitted is equal to the difference in energy between the gas molecule’s normal state and excited state. This energy determines which color of light will be emitted. The energy of the light is inversely related to the wavelength of the light and the wavelength of the light emitted is associated with a certain color of light. For example, Mercury vapor (Hg) can emit purple, blue, green or yellow color lights depending on how big the energy gap is between its excited and normal state. If the energy gap, and therefore the energy emitted is very large, Mercury will emit a purple light which has a shorter wavelength. Conversely if the energy emitted is smaller, Mercury will emit a green or yellow light which both have longer wavelengths. Although they have used almost all kinds of gasses in experimentation, Noble gasses such as Argon and Neon were favored for Geissler tubes as they are easier gasses to excite and produced a greater spectra (glowing light). Different gases have specific colors of light they can emit and so the color that the Geissler tube lights up depends on the gas inside of it.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Elisha Earley, TJ Johnston, Nick Littlefield, John Medley, and Anna Polk
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Procured around the 1960's. Purchased back when Michigan Tech was transitioning names from Michigan College of Mining and Technology (MCMT) to Michigan Technological University (MTU)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Physics
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Physical Object
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
United States
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
No accession number
Chemistry
entertainment
fun
Gas
Gasses
Geissler
Hg
Mercury
Noble
novelty
physics
Tube