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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
MEEM
Description
An account of the resource
Historic scientific instruments held by the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
Physical Object
Use this field for any solid object.
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
Minimum: 152.4mm X 38.1mm X 7.9mm
Maximum Extended: 279.4mm X 38.1mm X 7.9mm
Materials
Aluminum, Plastic
Maker
Pickett & Eckel - Chicago, Illinois, US
Inscriptions
MODEL | N600-ES | LOG LOG | SPEED RULE | PICKETT | MADE IN USA | PICKETT | ALL METAL | SLIDE RULES | PICKETT & ECKEL. | INC. | CHICAGO, ILL | © 1962
Scale Label Inscription in Order (Description, Function, Range)
LL1 (Log Log, e0.01x, greater than 1: 1.01-1.15 and less than 1: descending 0.99-0.91, Logarithmic) |
A (Scale of squares, x2, two repeated 1-10 scales, Logarithmic) |
B (Scale of Squares, x2, two repeated 1-10 scales, Logarithmic) |
ST (Scale of sines and tangents, sin(x) tan(x), 0.6-5.5, Logarithmic) |
T (Scale of tangents and cotangents, tan(x) cot(x), 6-45 ascending and 84-45 descending, Logarithmic) |
S (Scale of sines and cosines, sin(x) cos(x), 5.8-90 ascending and 20-84 descending, Logarithmic) |
C (Fundamental Slide Rule Scale, x, 1-10, Logarithmic) |
D (Fundamental Slide Rule Scale, x, 1-10, Logarithmic) |
DI (Reciprocal D scale, 1/x, descending 1-10, Logarithmic) |
K (Scale of cubes, x3, three repeated 1-10 scales, Logarithmic) |
LL2 (Log Log, e0.1x, greater than 1: 1.11-e and less than 1: descending 0.90-0.40, Logarithmic) |
DF (Folded D scale, x*pi, pi-10 then 1-pi, Logarithmic) |
CF (Folded C scale, x*pi, pi-10 then 1-pi, Logarithmic) |
Ln (Natural log scale, ln(x), 0-2.3, Linear) |
L (Log scale, log(x), 1-10, Linear) |
CI (Reciprocal C scale, 1/x, descending 1-10, Logarithmic) |
C (Repeated) |
D (Repeated) |
LL3 (Log Log, ex, greater than 1: e-20M and less than 1: descending 0.37-0.0001, Logarithmic)
History of the Object
Slides rules were used in math intensive engineering courses to perform calculations. Slides rules were eventually replaced by calculators and are now mostly obsolete.
Location
The location of the interview
MEEM, Third floor display case, 3rd case from the right, 2nd shelf
Bibliography
MacKenzie, D. Scott. “Illustrated Self-Guided Course On How To Use The Slide Rule.” Sliderulermuseum. November 18, 2019. https://www.sliderulemuseum.com/SR_Course.htm
Marcotte, Eric. “Types of Slide Rules and their Scales.” Sliderule. November 18, 2019. https://www.sliderule.ca/scales.htm
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Pickett Model N600-ES Log Log Speed Rule
Subject
The topic of the resource
Engineering; Mechanical Engineering; Mathematics
Description
An account of the resource
Physical Description:
The Pickett Model N600-ES Log Log slide rule is constructed using three yellow painted aluminum bars. The “ES” in the model name means “Eye-Saver” and refers to the yellow painted construction. The two outer bars are called the stators and are attached by a brace on both ends. The braces create a gap between the two stators where the third aluminum bar, called the slide, fits into the grooves between the two stators. A clear plastic cursor slides along the outside of the stators. The cursor has a vertical hairline marker on both sides of the slide rule for lining up the scales between the slide and stators. The upper stator has LL1 and A scales on the front side and LL2 and DF scales on the backside. The lower stator has D, DI, and K scales on the front side and D and LL3 scales on the backside. The slide has B, ST, T, S, and C scales on the front side and CF, Ln, L, CI, and C scales on the backside. The scales are usually logarithmic with a few exceptions such as the L and Ln scale which are log operations with a linear scale. The index of a scale is the furthest left number for the left index or the furthest right number for the right index. The scale ranges and operations are described under inscriptions.
Functional Description:
The Pickett Model N600-ES Log Log slide rule is a duplex slide rule. A duplex slide rule has scales on both sides of the slide rule and a dual-faced cursor. The dual-faced cursor allows for relating one side of the scale to the other side for a greater number of calculations. Logarithmic scales have a multiplication and division property discovered by William Oughtred in 1630 that allow for the operations of multiplication and division instead of addition and subtraction of linear scales. Multiplication is the simplest operation on a slide rule using the two fundamental scales, C and D. To multiply two numbers, x and y, the left index of C is positioned over x on the D scale. Then the cursor is position over y on the C scale. The value of the cursor on the D scale is the solution to x multiplied by y. The decimal place may need to be adjusted to get the correct order of magnitude since the C and D scale has values ranging from 1 to 10. The other scales are used to perform different operations such as squares, reciprocals, exponentials, and sines, cosines, and tangents.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Gideon Hoekstra, Nick Renke, Donovan Doran, Erik Madson
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1962
Language
A language of the resource
English
20C
20th Century
Eckel
Engineering
Mathematics
Mechanical Engineering
Pickett
Scale
Slide
Slide Rule
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
MEEM
Description
An account of the resource
Historic scientific instruments held by the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
Physical Object
Use this field for any solid object.
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
Length 304.4 X Width 165.1 X Height 355.6 mm
Key Shape 1: 17.5 X 9.5 X 17.5 mm Key Shape 2: 38.1 X 9.5 X 17.5 mm
Materials
Metal, plastic, paint, glass, and rubber.
Maker
WANG Laboratories, Inc.
Inscriptions
FRONT: PROGRAMMING KEYBOARD | MODEL 370 ELECTRONIC CALCULATOR WANG LABORATORIES, INC. MASS. U.S.A. WANG PROPERTY OF | 41904 MICHIGAN | TECHNOLOGICAL | UNIVERSITY BACK
FUSE TURN OFF | ON POWER 115 AC | 60 CPS I/O E.P. READER
BOTTOM: Wang Laboratories Inc. | ELECTRONIC CALCULATOR | 370 SYSTEMS | MODEL NO. 370/370-2 | SERIAL NO. 700185 | TEWKSBURY, MASS, U.S.A. AUG 14 1968
History of the Object
Likely used as an early programming device and calculator at the school before being replaced by better computers.
Location
The location of the interview
MEEM 3rd Floor, Hallway Display Case
Bibliography
Bensene, Rick. “Wang Laboratories: From
Custom Systems to Computers.” The Old Calculator Web Museum. September 8, 2019. Accessed November 18, 2019. https://www.oldcalculatormuseum.com/d- wangcustom.html
Wang Calculators – History.” DoPECC.
Accessed November 18, 2019. https://dopecc.net/calculators/wang/
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Wang Laboratories Model 370 Programming Calculator
Subject
The topic of the resource
Mathematics; Science; Engineering; Financial Services.
Description
An account of the resource
A rectangular shaped (304.4 Length X 165.1Width X 355.6 Height mm) device. This frame is made of metal that is painted everywhere except the stainless steel bottom. The front of the calculator contains a panel and display board. The panel holds 56 plastic keys of different shapes (Key Shape 1: 17.5 X 9.5 X 17.5 mm & Key Shape 2: 38.1 X 9.5 X 17.5 mm) and colors (black, gray, white, and blue) and 12 small white switches. The display board is a clear plastic sheet with a 14-digit display of nixie tubes behind it. On top there are multiple openings, likely for ventilation. On the back near the bottom is a black plastic knob, a switch for power, 2 slots for inputting cords, and 2 cords that go out.
Functional Description:
The Wang Model 370 Programmer is a primitive calculator that was capable of being programmed for adding loops, logical tests, jumps, and subroutine calls. This turned the calculator into a small computer.
On the keyboard are many different commands for programming and many basic calculator operations (such as add, subtract, multiply, divide, etc.). The 370 Programmer calculates operations and displays them on through the clear plastic screen via lighting up different nixie tubes shaped into numbers.
The 370 was capable of programming and reading code. It could use the programming keys on the keyboard to create a code. It could attach to a card reader that would read punch out sheets and translate the card into code for the 370 to use. Both methods could then store the code on the 370 to be used later.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Gideon Hoekstra, Donovan Doran, Erik Madson, Nick Renke
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1967-1968
Language
A language of the resource
English
20C
Calculating
Computing
Engineering
Math
Science
Timecards
WANG
Wang 370
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Alumni House
Description
An account of the resource
Historic scientific instruments held by Alumni Affairs, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
Physical Object
Use this field for any solid object.
Materials
Aluminum, Plastic
Maker
Pickett & Eckel Inc, Alhambra, CA
Location
The location of the interview
Alumni House
Bibliography
<em>Pickett</em>. Slide Rule Museum. Accessed March 03, 2017. http://sliderulemuseum.com/Pickett.htm.
Inscriptions
U.S.A. COPYRIGHT 1948 | PICKETT. A.F. ECKEL | ALHAMBRA. CALIF., U.S.A. [front face, left side of slide] <br />PICKETT & ECKEL INC. | ALHAMBRA CALIF U.S.A. [front face right side of slide] <br />MODEL NO. 1000 | ORTHO – PHASE DUPLEX [back face left side of slide] <br />‘Pickett logo’ [back face right side of slide] <br />D204318 [cursor]
<p dir="ltr"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Scales<strong><strong><br /></strong></strong></span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>A: 1-20 logarithmic scale</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>B: 1-20 logarithmic scale</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>T: logarithmic scale from 0-90</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>ST: logarithmic scale 0.56-5.73</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>S: logarithmic scale from 0-90</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>K: 1-30 logarithmic scale</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>D: 1-10 logarithmic scale with notation at pi</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>DF: folded scale ranging from pi-10 and then 1-pi</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>CF: folded scale ranging from pi-10 and then 1-pi</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>CIF: descending logarithmic scale pi-1 followed by 10-pi</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>CI: descending logarithmic scale 10-1</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>C: 1-10 logarithmic scale with notation for pi</span></p>
L: 1-10 linear scale<strong><br /></strong>
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
Body: 31 x 306 x 7 mm
Slide: 306 x 14 x 3 mm
Cursor: 25 x 41 x 7 mm
History of the Object
The history of this object at Michigan Tech is unknown. It is a calculation tool used before the calculator became an affordable tool.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Picket Model 1000 Slide Rule
Subject
The topic of the resource
Mathematics
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Trevor Cretney, Adam Kausch, Matthew Luebke, and Adam Miller
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
physical object
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
United States
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1957
Description
An account of the resource
<span style="text-decoration:underline;"><br /><span>Physical Description:</span></span> The Pickett 1000 slide rule is made of three rectangular bars of aluminum alloy coated in plastic with grooved slides. Two bars are connected at the end with braces that are mounted to the flat side of the bars and the third bar is free to slide between them, held in place by slide tension springs. The two outer bars are called stators and the inner bar is referred to as the slide. The slide rule also has a courser made of two flat lenses held together by aluminum above and below the upper and lower stators. Each bar of the Pickett 1000 slide rule has at least one scale on it. The front side of the slide rule has the DF scale on the upper stator CF, CIF, CI and C scales on the slide and D and L scales on the lower stator. The back side of the slide rule has an A scale in the top stator B, T, ST, and S scales on the slide and K and D scales on the lower stator.<br /><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><br />Functional Description:</span> <span>Slide rules work on a system of logarithms. In order to do multiplication the slide rule adds two logarithms and takes the antilog to determine the answer. Because the slide rule uses logarithmic scales, the operation is simplified. If the user wanted to multiply two numbers together they would move one of the indices on the C scale to the first number that they wish to multiply on the D scale .They would then move the cursor to the second number in the multiplication on the C scale and look at the corresponding number on the D scale. So, if you wanted to multiply 2 and 4 you would move the left index of the C scale to the 2 on the D scale, move the cursor to the 4 on the C scale and see that the answer Is 8. To do division the inverse is done. To find the square and square root the A or B scale and the D scale are used. Locate the number of the square root you want to find using the cursor, when found the corresponding number on the D scale is the answer. To find the square the inverse is found. cube and cube root K scale and the D scale are used. To find the cube root take the number and find it on the K scale read the corresponding number on the D scale. To find the cube the inverse is performed. Scales available on the slide C and D used for multiplication and Division, CF and DF used for multiplication and division when the C and D scales run out. The CI and CIF scales are the inverse of the C scale and CF scale respectively. The S T slides are used for sine and tangent of greater than 5.7 degrees while the ST slide is used for degrees less than 5.7 degrees. The A and B scales are used in the calculation of squares and square roots. The L scale is used for the Log base 10 of a number.</span>.<br /><span><span><br /></span></span>
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
International Slide Rule Museum. ISRM is the world's largest free digital repository of all things concerning slide rules and other math artifacts. There are over 7000 Images or PDF's in the ISRM Galleries">. Web. 22 Mar. 2017. <http://sliderulemuseum.com/SR_Scales.htm>.
Konshak, Mike. Pickett Chronology. JPG.
Hartung, Maurice L. How to use the Ortho-phase duplex slide rule. Pickett & Eckel, 1948. PDF.
20C
Calculator
Engineering
Mathematics
Pickett
Science
Slide Rule