1
10
5
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/750e61a56e542e4a466ba85fe888b96e.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=rfwxWBK-xng4ECOGUQG%7EeivuRLU6TVKEarxRp0Fjkd5%7EAOT1ToFqATkcuOe%7ETSFLHRxAWJd97-eFJmAbBaEh3sPfgF-ROBGbklh9Rkfjn%7EzMFJw7Rf9War1Dv6VcpCZg9RQaIXj0wqNokOx%7EPjWWWVVAL91QlMglO%7EKXCO5wfLpDJoVjoSIpyxV%7EtutOJ5cTbzLeXOi-%7ESyw5kiaJTutSe8fg2DsW9Bn6LiqBLpxx%7E8a4LzcZsrN0VnozXUHDGTEtrR0XcItncLMINYtzQdxiBLb2MZEumR5urNvhdhKZbNG%7E1Dr%7ESAHTucQNhqYrdFkB%7E%7Ean4D9GODgWa7bnN1w6g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
2bc8043a097ec6f0afc6f81dc1f0c3a8
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/36b322e60cacb5abb0e024487e313fc0.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=IFgTZW9ts-oRw9m6dASNG9pqMPOMDT3ig34VMqzqChOnUM2vKz0YJsYnMwnJPQWnZODH9WKTDtWz-G6tJBApi6%7Enrl1aZrOfFzcZERYkn2wxatc2zO99qxFjMLc%7EWjkVWUXY%7EQHwf3WkawrLG-SJda4FL%7ExkVNDux0%7Et3ulw39eRu2SAnBRnGZVlvSymjV7OZIEcSZn4AfTSixlt-sfecUxWZfXAbKDpstigjJTz7mwBshwPkVxGvfUjAlTcSxJkRfxtDr0aWIIfxMckOoBqf2VWz9soKcFC0BpXl02HQgVid8qHnW80-aMNxRTa-rmCiMJFgRL7h9cCWdR0-ZPDiw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
1bc4b3dc224c876e00b324e85d89fd50
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/bed8987a4883de67bbe86e8fcde9c0d6.JPG?Expires=1712793600&Signature=sUpbdwEqexZujiBe4VGdlfzhaHle%7ESggC5rU33H6aAb9Sc4ICgA%7EOMomvKx8GvhW0188t8nV1cPKox%7EEBYnATN5I9JfiR7gfbqRp6xbuX1p6TYV3C%7Eq4TKjJ4Z5rxMMhIfeGpvvEKFGGlUFEgf0Li3we96vjuCyCn3-F-yZfghcq5m9Qk1G6K1zNyJ52LbB72UCVVDJC0g7qvc4fW4GsGEAeYnJ6XVh3sphBHpdaD2dV3zYP8n1t3zmi0cXJT7cd8xVHCRtf8L8svTEynCC9ljCEuyf2EMb1g6AMDQAjepY7Ej5Dy5LcnskNYeYt-YQ%7ESLpEBpDQNBncfZ39gHaxJg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
d368a9bdce1c20a76699be654eea55b4
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/a732c20ea87bb16656808798b6fad671.JPG?Expires=1712793600&Signature=oIr6eveG3h6xv8BooZm13Xp3frcaf2MyRi2ro8Yat31KuhL3brmnOnjRGGxmytWmSZ9cZnpHAhz0dh10c8565eMimCJurePWCtNyevbk%7EnUERv8yyeO3fYN8G822%7EzdQO-f8yTMcPAVzib%7EaVhwyZFLpZHWpTt6Ayo-xeCMwB8Sgz8u%7EaWbLPs9JMa0LFkRoaniy0l9GmmMwiVwAjNlY7EXw3xwZNXbS4yumUnVUG5up8QW75QdW5g9k4s8mFuhFSptZWvDmpNoaujiQJfb15L96JVyjnIdgGPZhoGzSdkzFF6HIhzp%7Ez6xQaa3S1kDbvy5TlG534UG8cTGgfVmg%7EA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
16c99610fbdfe4a25189476f725e7444
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/1d83347848e7e3c940911fd175804f69.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=fZ84kcN69FgKMkAapEfj4blc-o8PHWolbouVcTXWXLl3vBC9KswGohCbOQFlFStl1%7EiJn8wSUcqiPu1CTpJH4sFFCjlO0oh4x1yGthTF7vNkTGiYT60Qv6UklW3%7EzmaB-gXABPjsxSCJmdSoLqSb-5NC%7EKwZ0gvfoSlWE4WABtkGi9Zri9HVRU1yNe%7Ea7mCz8Q235WM8VTfgkL7HlOj-MrrIYC4ViLd-9ZZ%7Egay82LMfGTftwMdR2AjpTAEWWFygAohACZUd%7E99YpSAoVPX7WXUWABVZ0mrXSYAu9em5T5NNfF64xXzorlFzyAt0HJOLSWVsOztAK5v3hmoyrYnqNQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
a867f09dae175c6a71ba505b2e7554a2
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/383a7114c691dfb5e6ff08f0d09597e8.JPG?Expires=1712793600&Signature=iGzhct3gO2QO8DwudRhavnn4n-XgRevUwDvEakl5DOpXGrOZXgCEKc4XqlO6L%7EfttW3LcWO6nBzufBIz0LvpImoHuziC0%7E3hbrpWzepMUrlIuCqSfZY%7EQdTnRtCrO-3Xn0xSXamxjaRvBjO8UaEsnFoE%7EAyhClhEu%7Ea-lex%7E57dfsG540WPjRXIJ6XaWwgFYB%7EtcL9Vv49bMmaeggGMRlLX5VlQwFSEM32Sx5J8SZXefqiIf9jdei3uAbtXCJZkbf65EuIJFmLrWGG1SgTd6HyPAuq8GBKj4xDlzHnU-vFNIUG6al-w2empPO3bR2RKF0BqxoPfwE9K2QNibBCP31g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
d334284f0c49a2ccce040ec72312b4fc
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/abf82f2e53e2ac48fa8587dfd4147920.JPG?Expires=1712793600&Signature=TZPYIvCGlcMe392X0PqgUXNC764R125-nzdtFpDbARVjhJbLy-G-dOiIVe9NDmvNqtHBOFky2miHEvYzC0bmw1fJQeWxg-PFystuNp3OVbvZMTNxeKcyeN%7EzOmUKMeSHlasQSDaS4o2dgUYFSuEr4oJ-h42tNOAwZsg7YHTFRZAynyVbdzE-yrC-5kvVwD2REEX9SjoI9NYpBHi%7EmVR0ZOsXOL3Gd5KVPH81LHy43hw2J86%7EymsPn1rv4N%7EnKM6pCOYT4fG1xqXzs%7E95ni3I7dPZ-h0sF7debJEFgxouLBfbT8g5yrQbXCXcw-gNtUJe9DVVvwY5cnPDBsPvBNBXPQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
865d1e1bde8bc23a2d92e94c5d53b4d9
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/f0d2e173ebb1bf859ed49d6b3d228fb3.JPG?Expires=1712793600&Signature=NTWZ6H7j7%7EOmY2lBXS0SNyApag3VlLc3lv-p4wM-W6yYKxQCDMlHtci7OkZUz93U-2EPrK6GM3OTrug1BmFZ0yf4qMhHCvDKt8JoBBMhZY2LGRP8LLbxqvBfex3-kBkFDc9ZIv-uk4bTohnWdOObjJfRQJ8qRvLGOR5rr77U%7E5M3jcrubR5lBxdtkljyyOffYST2qOHXowLOdXXCIppuqQkrwPXpY2H-DjjUTehvxUNapRRT%7EdRPOaFzZ3mp%7ELtsvO4HEhlmwHwMrYA0rgiwOL7N3UDW6ShR8PppT21Xyfc-gP5iz23m71MyYRMYc93QAiSG8U8husf0EgYBpxoMeQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
a8fd378f7c9f975e8ee53de53be04de6
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/be50177bef08990694e5b84f7d95c8cc.JPG?Expires=1712793600&Signature=M4gjSWahI6Jvg-VgJo%7Eb3gFeCw0T8G9pB-Z0GztliORmwgAKOYadHJgdePRO7fgqa8GO1tWPd1TtNT6PO-UawnDzPDdnTvv4B9tLjrZ-VzLe9PQbi4eKptaDipU5PKF2Mgu4bUlwR6UTFEBXkYyTxIPe7gF%7EQWLKfzVSFLwplgSrzL9BaQZ30aHBMEk0xkH6uq%7E2muEwSkCO6r9sXnrbdaKTddzbNl0rWJGyM7O%7Es7DI3z5cZPPP5OwYYFWSEVJ0uJ-Nwc7Jlln5STiA5ScCVRmRo6B5pNZOKdyeXutuif4YpQXOidmYhUJZfoMG0DOCGzRCQeSiiAAPM%7EreOy-veg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
760100c75d381ed95719a171493c158c
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/bde81d67ce2ed0f59c19938657a5f4ec.JPG?Expires=1712793600&Signature=b7xGdJbR%7EU-yvYcsrKqvurlllY6O674ubQAeCRqP8KzQRda21uwp40AQLnG5cm9gukQSU22PLHnxwtyPBTbY0ZM00CfrGZQMaFT3ZnRFuxFZIZ2LbE1QdMbe4oSB5JxU44a1cuqbSKcEe2UdR%7EEQteaKe8aZNK1T1h8dd5KzM%7EI3Y9e0GI3qw70zd4G40jfE5ANUDd2jTlcUmaR1F-Je0iSd7o9vsXDbXbW1UjI4KAKq5mp-ZYBmgw8KEVgXbVC-PcR7qVv4E0Ys3UC6ACIszAZn0jA0IwlKcRIuRxrVgzIV2vLsPWvCx2hXlrdwYmEnlg4GAsexN4Zm-S0cjm6z8Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
150c0800645564402d1518f676ead76e
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/1e94fe686afa2ab50df42b8b50f67c12.JPG?Expires=1712793600&Signature=ruz6IEkSon4jAYJlWhBMTaE5cG8F3ykSaW-bL7auW5KKd1kAoBOjuSppM1Kzhrlipkx2S7g7cLp71JFtO1BjXZHjojfxLI47WO-oJojogW-fkPfB2wN6Jv71G1F4QhuIrisICfQS9w9-Gaan%7EerFq7LncmnTc0-RpP-g922AxM1MTC1FpOiGTBfjddBKhDocoynACo4ZszlMUU5wL9fxz9yfh58DC9xK86BZK-gmU6D5i9mxe1C4mBNb-T9PLlK-SuBAMIkMP2hOhB4FDUMdmRNT%7EjPIXM1FRtd39XAjFVsrucGBFpxzOs%7EG5jfcCTIvUbg5ANhzn9dUC%7EZVmGKgUw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
4bb9b1311191167ea92cd89d5f9b5942
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/f4a1640d3cfcb1557e8099ba6a98f0b8.JPG?Expires=1712793600&Signature=HyKChwfvGXkpaNbMdO1UJ0AFi0vNwz7CHBehU1e1X-D02l28ATY%7EaYhMdtJCPAFOd3YcZPD7RqD4umkAiLdQIzXcNBx1B66JHnteSk5VtEtraDCS8c8HEbwW6Y12V2Ufbm-nWhBLNAiKyHQ0QpgoWClaM5PMoDBRymbHeZ273uTfgT8rZa8Y8w5L06wyYA4gg86BejtBl1VVxSr3fVigETrrOOAvWMhS5Vib4xSeC%7EZ9nkkbWHYXSIp1%7EL0VtnPX3ZGJRBNGtVdLlvR1eW4Dwq76XmP200k5eH%7EGAw1LWBBWd3SVgRVABjLU0d0oa2XuwHWcXRnerLbjbi2KIP5rPQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
761e4b31a43d0500f132e2f2af7f9a55
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/7b32d4253b82b7df4773f58d5e07ee89.JPG?Expires=1712793600&Signature=XW6PICEWdPtGMk3sH7mDzzBaufG%7EJN7hxsER-V%7ExwGdwPmTlGdDMd6PqGrm7BMFvRMzItZ%7ED-FqgzBIuG9HTeteYSh7EOk-LxJ6ZOonQS54B%7EpIs-beauPgc9OVY-T18eVaAfvnuvhpDuLfW2bt8LgQ4-92alwGS3wTFK0FJ-O2ssyiAlfUxaXHpeyIIZHVIQafsLpGPy-YDFoPPafqe0oz77ZhoMHza0skIDqZJNCrm0bkeI2sg9YgW93uh5GWF1t3XFik61J1ZJgVtV%7Efhdg2Wa20VTRIOEXo%7EpnaiyRrys1IhF%7ETJqw81ChXQapnEcVJFDcvo0Vi2x0ZrwijtSQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
dd9904a3c3ed8fe7f11b8e5e55f1d6ea
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/582b526163c508cba94a00df45ec160b.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=Erm7CfqQnzXzfKqctqCmhVQ0GZ0jsZL%7Ey5ZVKAUKJK6YVgCRbzrePI8afy%7ECGwQ9lq%7E1Je1PLzGHGJSDtkKWFMOhzegRvkUz74xm8cZJkH5yUZZAMUg7vEfpLTX3xJ-gZKpDhVeueMsXmguG9mSXa4jLrjkGBLYjR1UjC3maFVFqG9957Dyzm2mMC4K8a1x1m03xAaKnSJfs6Eb-tLEsmjAYWEP-iAJw4VRo9Dqv2zatwT2wasyUKMWGWs0pOBpNyIJ5lGGIbf3K-JOwX-b8duHIndsjlhCf4YGcV-Jyoveiu%7EV1cEHVi4ZvXyx7vhjVGEkb-uXPW7RJuhqdeXFbPw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
4029a981c8c49767096610d68122a541
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
MEEM
Description
An account of the resource
Historic scientific instruments held by the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
Physical Object
Use this field for any solid object.
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
Box: 285 x 240 x 207 mm
Cylinders: height of 90 mm, diam. 50 mm
Springs: 53-63 mm long
Valves: thread sizes of 20 and 25 mm
Materials
Indicator: bronze, steel, rope, graphite
Box: Wood, brass
Maker
American Steam Gauge Co., Boston, MA.
Location
The location of the interview
MEEM, 3rd floor display case
Inscriptions
AMERICAN | STEAM GAUGE &. V. MFG.CO | BOSTON, U.S.A. | PAT'D. JAN. 31. 1899. | PAT'D. JUNE 7. 1904 | J.W. THOMPSON | PAT'D AUG. 31. 75 | 4994 [Indicator]<br /><br />312 | 25 [Cylinder]<br /><br />4994 [Box]<br /><br />10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 60 | 80 [Springs]
History of the Object
<p dir="ltr"><span>The object was made by the firm the American Steam Gauge Company of Boston, MA. The indicator was initially invented by James Watt, who also is credited with the invention of the steam engine. Joseph Thompson is the creator of this steam engine indicator with his patent being granted on Aug 31, 1875. The instrument was manufactured by The American Steam Gauge Company, which was founded in 1851. The instrument was sold as the “American Thompson Improved Indicator”, and was considered to be high end among steam indicators of the time. The improvements of the Thompson indicator over previous models were that the writing component followed an elliptical pattern to maintain a straight line on the recording barrel. This resulted in less inertia and increased the engine speeds, and pressures that the indicator could be used at. The patent granted in 1904 to Earl Vaughn had the benefits of making the indicator easier to disassemble for adaptability of the indicator. For this reason it is believed that this indicator was manufactured sometime after 1904.</span></p>
Bibliography
<p dir="ltr"><span>"The Story of the Steam Engine Indicator." last modified July/August 2001 http://www.farmcollector.com/steam-traction/story-steam-engine-indicator</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span><em>Engineer: with which is incorporated steam engineering, volume 35</em> ..</span><span> Vol. 42. (Chicago: The Engineer Publishing Company, 1905). </span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>Dorn, Harold. </span><em>Dictionary of Scientific Biography</em><span>. Vol. 14. (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1976), 196-99.</span></p>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
American Thompson Steam Gauge
Description
An account of the resource
Physical Description:<br /><p dir="ltr"><span>The Thompson Improved Steam Indicator comes in a dark stained wooden box 285mm wide, 207mm deep, and 240mm tall. It opens about halfway up its height to reveal a number of objects. The box, as well as various components, are serial numbered 4994. Inside the box there are pockets as well as mounts for the various objects to go into which can be seen in the images provided.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>In the center is the steam indicator, which resembles two off-center attached cylinders screwed onto a mount. The cylinders are both 90mm in height and 50mm in diameter. The top cylinder has a slot to affix a cardstock, a stylus arm and pull string. The bottom cylinder has the arm holding the stylus and a spring inside to control the stylus arm. The bottom of the bottom cylinder has threads and ties to the mount on the bottom of the box, as well as thumb bars on the bottom to attach or unattach it by hand.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>The steam indicator comes with 6 springs numbered 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 80, which range in length from 53-63mm long. These springs are threaded onto mounts on the upper half of the box and can replace the spring inside the bottom cylinder of the steam indicator. This allows the system to make more precise graphs depending on the pressure that the engine is putting out.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>In addition to the above, there are also two globe shut-off valves with thread sizes of 20 and 25mm. The valves come with caps for one side to prevent damage to the threads that could result in inadequate attachment . There is also a torque wrench used to tighten the lower cylinder onto the engine that the indicator will be attached to. There is also a small vial of oil, for the joints of the stylus arm or the springs. There was also a specialized wrench designed to tighten the components in order to prevent gas leaks. The final component was a ruler with a screw driver end that allowed for the dismantling of the indicator as well as measuring the height of the graphs drawn by the arm allowing the user to find the pressure in the system.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>Functional Description:<br /></span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>In order to use the Thompson steam indicator, the user fastened</span><span> the stainless-steel ball valve to the steam engine being analyzed. The indicator was then be fastened to the open end of the ball valve via a threaded connection. With the ball valve opened, the steam within the engine’s piston</span><span> exerts pressure on a spring enclosed within a 100 mm tall, 30 mm diam. cylinder of the indicator. A plunger connected to the spring is </span><span> </span><span>forced upward depending upon the force received by the spring. The motion of the plunger moves the 80 mm long arm vertically, which determines the markings made by the attached pencil. The pencil marks a piece of paper, which is wrapped around the upper cylinder (90 mm tall and 51 mm dia) of the indicator. Wrapped around this upper cylinder is a string whose function is to rotate the cylinder about its center. If the string were left free to hang, the steam pressure pushes the pencil upward, making a straight vertical line on the paper. However, the string was fastened to a component of the engine to allow for the engine piston and the cylinder to move in unison. The string moves the cylinder of the steam indicator in unison with the piston throughout the entire stroke, and a continuous marking is made to illustrate the pressure at each point of the stroke as the pencil is moved upward and downward while the cylinder pivots throughout the process. Thus, the vertical motion of the pencil graphs changes in pressure, while the rotation of the cylinder indicates the phase of the piston cycle, and so in unison the pencil plots a diagram of the pressure cycle in the engine.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>The indicator was designed to record the stroke of a steam engine, particularly locomotives. At the start of the stroke, the inlet valve opens completely, allowing the maximum force to be applied to the spring by the steam. The pencil marks a horizontal line at its highest point in the cycle from left to right. At cut-off, the inlet valve closes and expansion of the steam occurs, during which the force gradually decreases. This phase is indicated by a pencil mark resembling an exponential decay curve. At release</span><span>, the exhaust valve opens, releasing the steam and the force is at its minimum, resulting in a straight horizontal pencil mark at the lowest point of the curve—this time from right to left. When the exhaust valve closes, compression occurs, causing a gradual rise in pressure. When the inlet valve opens again, the gradual increase in pressure becomes a sharp increase, causing the pencil to mark a straight vertical line returning to the first point of the cycle when the steam pressure exerts its greatest force on the spring. The end product of this device is a card illustrating the change in pressure throughout the continuous cycle of the steam engine. For an engine operating at 250 RPM, the device could generate one cycle plot (or card) per minute.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>The spring within the indicator can be replaced with a larger spring to record higher steam engine pressures. The set of springs are marked according to their compressive strength: the spring marked #100 converts the force from 100 psi gauge-pressure</span><span>steam into a pencil movement of one inch, a #80 spring converts 80 psig steam into a movement of one inch, and so on.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>Though the steam indicator was primarily used on locomotives, it could also be applied to traction engines and artillery</span><span>. Due to the high cost of the indicator, it was seldom used on traction engines beyond the confines of the factory in which it was produced. When applied to heavy artillery, the oil in the recoil chamber would replace the steam as the working fluid and exert a pressure on the spring.</span><span> The string would be fastened to the barrel to allow for the recoil movement to pull on the string.</span></p>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Elsa Schwartz, Collin Graf, Sarah Hartman, Joel VanLanen, and Patrick Demorest.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Physical object
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
United States of America
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1904
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Serial no. 4994
Subject
The topic of the resource
Steam Engines; Pressure Systems; Artillery
19C
20C
mechanical
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/82c8622ce2b0efd8966bc530abcd2116.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=LIIBIU2pwWwPS-KKTgFXooZdosBAGufQlK8DACMfU4C2%7EXAr3S7dLkqeDNWkae%7EppyS%7E9NZXDJWx3Xus4nj9KFUh2o1XDKGlKQCLh2%7EefSE5vk1cBVWiI1K490df0rCylDGuwz4zBzB07dnNf5SGpduILaVB3OSF8YkhDbJXr-5Pn9S7gN8LDYxWGnsWUY8lZLs5BZ2Vh8tLwK1sPh15-UcvOTXmhjbZenRXcd7sKobacMPXwGqWYJF5Qbb9pN%7EKKVe-58FGHko6Avu9Z2MVnj89gTPa-mGYu2BkHUlBru3GaGh9gQptrTgj2zZNxM7Wi855VWz9QCQAhIaPgUXGrg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
915b4f8d5fb226764155d2d2a49fcafc
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/3f2ef53755ddc0d9fd35adc0e0ecdd15.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=pfeZEtnG5kNzTnwLjWmjEjrRkFDAvn5zc6DCkeGxmPaiibCuzE3tuXwNK5L4Lo4TBJPKOA%7E-zNTMlD7XPSIl1SientimM7fNzB8gPpWW7NZUQLTGRpA5KSYTpXrIirhrccmTgwi7l0m7KzD4vsavmrhP2-IlN4TvEGDt838540FDAgZPW39zXRw9aVqfhbvMUrur3QCw11ZgrRyKP0Pmpe3fEGZbDlpZJmTXvgxfD3NzPUoqsqz4tAmlS%7ENX8COcENSbOqCrFYrJgjXqPmzGXzZp-8EOwn9zXOHSq2R5p%7ESuvx8MkADBV8m9Z9n8y5w9i05RrN4Y7dKtZ13t0PMXpw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
a32f963768b9beb246ae0ba79554276c
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/3fc7625a1af2146c31ef045912039cda.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=eTZ0zhrKhDKaQSKv1NAcgfO98IKA3VhstOSu3K7go0gl52rgEHA1U-2JGqSjipsZyOylmoDMkrJ92bZWVw%7Eek4jhEkWDp1CX8-owi%7Emk7pE-pR9bEWLep5QbkamrviK1v2heaYXvbe%7EBBqE-nXaREiaVukZx8uW3nSrQkcPX5oXJHiiY4fVEkou1DlQN6H9uTwjMjq7UIapxpB2w9Sfka7T1gCuBTXYbjoiwejL7kdNh6ZoBmlNp7QJ75FZedDr9KuztvPZdKcCJ6Oe6s%7E27SGTPMS8sx9Ryfh0KTUdSXM1DIsayxeR1P%7EBMmqrcUlTVUoCVFYBS9S8JvYs%7Ejhgr4A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
3b1475555af36661b420922f3e7ea3d3
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/9bac6a8609a692be455f2dce0af5f3f9.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=qysEsBWokoSh0BPqwnf9YWUZf6Gb58dNuEqUHwt8zWjaRjvbugET8WiFfX5OPU%7ESySfz40E4QYin4W6cNgtzFQppfta0fgfnUrSxwgjZw77LYrJ6gqrmM4iketbQCtgS9o3vbwbWdTy4XXxqGTcXdRpf49S15UPhDJ%7EmMybX9pHNlnh3e0VT3hxEX5Wc2q0F6TfQjRKv%7ETfCaReC51ItqdQKRRJDstt1lfAISUTZbFcU2Eb20W8KRnZiYFHLWl2wBwF5Hadvk5BvF7jrT039UsqRK56W0FbzKW1fr2hEOJEpgAGWNQLMKLq3t5y6bA2mVgPBQZ%7Eqc1ae3Nl2UptG0w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
14945cae126f3159aef9c6860617ef47
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/a27e7c2845982217348d8c9d33a9e968.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=TRVoDMvAOsXTrxmzc%7EMrvEcWvQQhHAYOVi-upX0IDFyYgqeDKSsDdOl5svuj6F53FgII55FsqrgAhXVys9ZnjJMwwVXSgZWNEXypGIhQheYJtarKZN9FSSM9M0AIqcGkRaeYJfSIB-KHuXYFRfpN3YmvI6p2w08lJXvqdDrtrvcnT6Uw-3DPrfBuIGEkIWB5I1ZBZnYKceUrQ3tcTDf147AcgbaqoaUDFeOgiJ1HYD7Ded9gXCzeLyFvWGdEMLgB45-SLK0jXZ2ovnlQw49tcJIuKOVrNpQeu6jaQLmdCskjmyAmBZNXDXcH-pM3xsWreYVfIcqLL0zncUx-E51a-Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
84480d1b8e12777f7e899fd3f6045e62
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/512be467b959dbe0868f0de498a8e529.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=tWhSVWG5LIDxnK9z3hSQjnKI%7E7%7E-dNRwwf6b3F6cx6rBXnzgAn6a8satDTybEBIJqM-bTyaTVIAQ8JFpP%7EsPTg0FL7Vr-9MQ6jzMQeDJr8bs8KeRH0lJs4VPEHqs1uSykR56--SHmdugqX1S9mn5DVGPOca0R3M0dv1Y2fAi1fjvjioTbgH2rPZcj-5E8wQe0zPMz9u1lrAinnfamd7zdxwGkjV4JcehqVX%7ETmsKiBoo2h0ZFIQ6G8kByRp95XWrcQI2LEPf%7EtUbWXVW2IbH9OEl%7Ee4qngHLbDuyREqGGSRplQZYV6BTWMIEUeo3SoiCurCsHdstBDcF97Krt19OOA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
f41adf23e5a4d1ae23107d6a3a3ed42e
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/2387a8fb17ebf0accc035659668c9929.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=lRznEBjFEx-DYTqPsu1u2NKYca3ug0lxdcLNqFrl6qYxHd0PYZY5e7nLhjGzekf0QC6-c0XflWbLO%7E7STx7DVgqmAD5lOiYlCfvV1tWodLyHe1dbJjcVkI-KfJo-SeVu96ZA9Owf9Es9ZD%7Erqusn94RdAREVodykk%7E6tKR3jCGQFK9dtRewMFIsrrHhDsRznAdUk5ygdUz-iH9LhVLQtIa9kOIaVf4YK6zNxDhicc-ySKZUzd4E1f6llaINGqvT-lF47N%7EYMzYkkOQdtDpPmieHmGbXrt8BGfFsIriKlhNd2TwUZnWOA4TUGqXza0P%7Ee89Hsihxi3YgfaASsHr9ACw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
c90fa3f2e2b2913c22d572bdf9767c3e
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/69e61c6cfbde9c3b2a93cdf98e577341.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=t8OZMjKgQIjtaAP4Gajdmx-mV-R9i%7E6eCnYx5laeC2R2pDPz4iUed4e%7E-bc0QCCyUaGk1D3-HMaa6FiXcZ1beVpHE7IPE8b428Xvip0IJmFFpNQdiAGN1GVVgaV3lBwkBQqC0398LjarwxBteVUj38bjzXTxIIP0i80x7QM7CMgmPX1s1vCJQfS-W2UyTx%7EZ0dHOLsFaWTHl7tja5qd4OSN15cKGv5V0HWtjyv%7EtvKQER41t1EOKMwsJooLcTRK%7EK-leWA6xkx1a%7EfAFNzIF87JGC52zhZ8oPmgP7eZfML91jSWaKIt3xfB7Qt6lab3P5yiNPbOp0sL-GWvQEL-L9w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
992dbbd60d6c5ef2f75d405acb68d43c
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/faccfb8ee951c32d958db1512a757345.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=Lu5oVkugKFMVEZxAEeTqLEQBN2A-lFycQquph5CT6X109RhvyDtKFXjFZMlp%7EtWbx1GA9UhdVWaXSQ9nQ1Zb0o0zvlmlsGsRkPm3qfgMYok2dZcNh3f8kG9CZdN0s23XuM6xmqLO119enNNUBU8Iqq6LKQDDijozCWM8YYIQud6MnJiae9Aww0fn9Nh%7EtwGr8PfngTpdFHbwsMkWjaP-bMaZeQ4xrgFQI5eIxhT1dogDPiIX499sY5AZLqXUtl4ZC8hH4DgQUKmZ3nJG3OZE60g2CThym6bBv%7E1Lp3lKPF76UZ0daEvNeNqfJQBoQAoYsORsC%7EYYsDx2ryhNKhsHDA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
e4db4310b778635c0a3ebe552bde15aa
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/15fc710ec4153e09c21c1a4959012e66.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=oUaAIW2wtK6uEQiw6Bc2aDj8tL83VEvBz4-WHXInb8g4CI9etHpSLGX3JZzmRQfyzQz1Z4bADFgDi2hmLGGZtqeTrlMb1LTvBY8VUOBoZKxclN9IhQC4ykp1tnbtAcWwwaaEtlKBiBe2Sz8v8eHIg-U9VnZeuDSZ28bLb3s-pUUd6IA-VxZ-CZLE0yNJWPQc38DQg2bDB-2WIxBj-OOMS-HzlciAQc2%7EJQsX124FnMp6poXgBzTi4mjRP5zqYOJVagELeHXre8iimFB1JzsBYQwzeFQKie5ljPv2RBBNT9htVD-BOOd0emMxSrH9G4b-kM5pcmPf3uCUUKR3VD8TXg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
5155458e5f5a40abb35c94c0dd533a71
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/58f61012e6276e836593e05c25aeab1a.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=lHnamMVXhhnEuVhcu90e2nPEoJXyHiaIx-RsE8yoKB2u%7EG88IxRSkF8%7E9Kz3kn6z0Zvf2LXcUDQzUyGowMT24GBArsacFYHYVWckdQDyHI49KjJY--R0JRLAU76PoNHMeQlnx3oEIwqN4MLVp5SEARcfXYDXdIK627ISiROS2lgn6%7EK4hqxDLjB07t%7EArZ1iAXg4rvYQ8C9mQNSW%7EiCjFxqmzuhYvXDsSCaxiTKnCVOI-PHHStLNXfSiCIVH63m2eFmDjOFmwZXngpqM0hrkM-25Zck5BZONB%7Eao3XfmK7m5pv8sfBDhJd6RkMnOo4pR6pAUYTR3j-9DgY44Cn8%7EXw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
b58aa10f379d76f97db2198119232089
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/3d9f1573eb4e69f40e7fb9644c53edc1.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=gP49wUc2NEs-iYjJEPtpR7E5OI1quqnnMRAfbHxxwBGa3bTQcsiHLYiMocPwMtgeIsib80Y4Ey0-SmvYDlPtlEAS4ltZH0cK%7EPLDqtxNhYxrszEzka2aPUpNzyETbG0TwZX4CIemdV5wOMPJX20GjHKrfHkcsbdo0hFKWHPFbnVEACifnfTPu28tbMYIBMm6LUlQnEq37TotDFQ3atIEZCj%7EpwLrVAWLJtSX6neTNeExK71VpQhmmZAzbqoM9U-dwiPEH5xruunqhXoUDYCjGKBY0eJcCVBmXVnD722UM1PPtrIEd9obu8XzVR8qWRZunLxMRNRJYr1qJhK6LkN7iQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
1b4f9bbded379bbb4037a36b0df8e8ca
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/a76a985b0d56fb973111de5b9f0c414b.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=HYUvlKMYsdKm0jXHaWjxbA8IDjYFoCwklfvFT0%7EwBKPdmw0JAgGCCy65NH2QHCUkUzgUDvXekTaKlRJbxw6Q99j3ByYAVkZFpilItTTxHBLf3xI743Hblar3TxWhTLgzZdL3qLqidbzWi8w8l9VJOBh7N78qa7JKAfuWtmLRMfDzgYu-11YmSUw0%7E73BPycrGD9cHOO2UopktZAxm2DTtBB5SWuz8aSWGsxfemMorsDbYX4jG4kCohp2gNKt2BajVTC9wlAfpcgsZTt3fi328HzTF7AIj8Fupi8HLCVjMr0h5o0-0QYsE%7EiGfpeLJiWHOl7K8PRx1jW5GxeZwsGdeQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
846e05c022d0b777b8593bb0ecb8648e
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
MEEM
Description
An account of the resource
Historic scientific instruments held by the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
Physical Object
Use this field for any solid object.
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
[Main Body] 180 mm wide x 285mm deep x 175mm high <br />[Output Carriage] 290mm long x 55mm high x 50mm deep <br />[Number Pad] 114mm wide x 140mm high <br />[Number Button] 6mm diam x 6mm high <br />[Plus/Minus Buttons] 13mm wide x 35mm high <br />[Red Zero Button] 6mm diam x 6mm high <br />[Small Red Buttons] 6mm diam x 6mm high <br />[T-Knob] 15mm long x 6mm diam x 12mm long handle <br />[Aluminum Knurled Knob] 25mm diam <br />[Aluminum Leveler] 10mm high <br />[Carriage Window] 4mm wide x 5mm high <br />[Steel Knob] 15mm diam <br />[Crank] 10mm wooden knob diam x 20mm long aluminum arm
Materials
Steel, Aluminum, Plastic (Bakelite), Copper, Rubber, Wood
Maker
Monroe Calculating Machine Company, in Orange, New Jersey
Inscriptions
[Front Logo] MONROE | REGISTERED TRADE MARK [Rear Logo] MONROE | REGISTERED TRADE MARK | HIGH SPEED ADDING CALCULATOR <br />[Rear Serial Number] MCMT-4590 <br />[Bottom Label] MONROE | CALCULATING MACHINE COMPANY | NEW YORK, USA | NO. 1 | 100-135 VOLTS D.C.
History of the Object
Although the history of this specific object in the Mechanical Engineering department has yet to be discovered, based on its function, it had the potential to be useful for several tasks. For example, engineering requires a lot of data collection and analysis. As a result, it can be assumed that this calculator aided engineers in data analysis, which may have required simple repetitive arithmetic that this calculator could perform more quickly than an engineer could do by hand. Additionally, this calculator could have aided mechanical engineers in advanced calculations. While this calculator cannot do calculus or solve differential equations, it can perform numeric approximation for such calculations. Such numeric approximation would have been based on Euler's method or Newton's method of approximation. Both methods involve repeating many sets of basic arithmetic that, if performed at small enough intervals (which requires many calculations), could produce accurate approximations of complex math problems.
Location
The location of the interview
Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Mechanics building 3rd-floor display case.
Bibliography
“Monroe Model LA5-160X Calculating Machine.” National Museum of American History. Smithsonian, 2023. <a href="https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_690151">https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_690151</a>.<br /><br />MONROE CALCULATING MACHINE COMPANY. INTRUCTION BOOK Monroe Adding-Calculator LA-Z or Series 0 Models. Orange, New Jersey: 1947.<br /><br /><span dir="ltr" class="textLayer--absolute">Scherphuis, Jaap. “Jaap's Mechanical Calculators Page.” Monroe Calculating Machines -</span><br class="textLayer--absolute" /><span dir="ltr" class="textLayer--absolute">Jaap's Mechanical Calculators Page, 2016.</span><br class="textLayer--absolute" /><span dir="ltr" class="textLayer--absolute"><a href="https://www.jaapsch.net/mechcalc/monroe.htm#mymodelka">https://www.jaapsch.net/mechcalc/monroe.htm#mymodelka</a>.<br /><br />Wolff, John. “The Monroe Calculating Machine Company.” John Wolff's web museum, December 8,<br class="textLayer--absolute" />2017. <a href="http://www.johnwolff.id.au/calculators/Monroe/Monroe.htm">http://www.johnwolff.id.au/calculators/Monroe/Monroe.htm</a>.</span>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Monroe High Speed Adding Calculator (<span>LA5-160x)</span>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Mathematics; Business; Physics; Engineering
Description
An account of the resource
<h3>Physical Description</h3>
<p>The calculator generally comprises three main parts: the main housing, the keypad, and the output carriage.<br /><br />The main housing for the calculator is rectangular as seen from the top, with one pale green slanted face on the front where the keypad is located, similar to a typewriter or cash register. The main housing is a shiny dark green in color with the appearance of a scale-like texture. On the bottom of the main housing are four feet which are steel with a rubber boot. On the front of the main housing, just below the slanted face, a "T" shaped knob protrudes. The knob has a small polished aluminum shaft (15mm long, 6mm diameter) with small black enamel handles (12mm long). Then, on the face to the right of the slanted face (when viewed straight on as if operating) is a knurled aluminum knob about 25mm in diameter. On the back of the calculator (opposite the slanted face) is an electrical connector that is on the right side of the calculator. Lastly, there are "MONROE" logos with yellow letters outlined in red on the front face below the slanted face and centered on the back, under both of which there are the words "HIGH SPEED ADDING CALCULATOR" in yellow. The logo on the back is much larger, while the logo on the front is about half the size and positioned towards the right. Additionally, on the bottom of the calculator in the center is a yellow tag that has the same logo in black letters with additional product information writtten below it.<br /><br />Housed on the slanted face is the keypad. This pale green panel contains a 10x8 array of white buttons (6mm diam.) with black numerals, 0 through 9. Each column starts with a zeroing key at the bottom and increases to nine at the topmost row. To the right of the number pad is another column of various buttons. Starting at the top is the subtraction button (with an inscribed - symbol) which is long, rectangular (35mm long, 13mm wide), and black in color. Directly below that is the addition button (with an inscribed + symbol) with the same shape, orientation, and color. Under that is a 6mm diameter red button that has no symbol. Then under that is another 6mm diameter red button with a darker red "R" on it. Last below that button is a larger red button (14mm diameter) with a pale green zero. The final component on the front panel is a small aluminum lever directly to the left of the left-most "1" button that stands 10mm tall.<br /><br />At the top rear is the output carriage. The carriage is primarily the same dark shiny green as the main body. The carriage is a triangular prism in shape with one of the long flat faces facing the operator, which is at the same angle as the input panel. On this primary face are two rows of small windows (5mm tall and 4mm wide). The bottom row closest to the number pad consists of 16 windows, while the top row consists of 8 windows that are directly above the eight rightmost widows of the bottom rows. Inside each of the windows are black numbers (on the top row, there is also a set of red numbers for subtraction) on a white roller much like a slot machine. Directly above the lower set of windows is a rail with yellow numbers above each window, starting with one on the left and ending with 16 on the right. Along this rail is a set of 5 brass sliders with very small knobs (3mm diameter) that are attached to red arrows that point down towards the lower set of windows. Directly above this rail and below the upper set of windows is another shorter rail that matches the shorter number of windows. This rail has eight numbers and one slider that points upwards. A large steel knob (15mm in diameter) is to the right of these rails. Lastly, on the right face of the carriage is a crank with a dark wooden knob about 10mm in diameter with a polished aluminum arm (20mm long).</p>
<h3>Functional Description<strong><strong><br /></strong></strong></h3>
<p>The purpose of this calculator is complete simple arithmetic such as adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing.</p>
<p>Before doing any calculations, users will need to reset the registers (number windows on the carriage). Operators can do this by rotating the crank attached to the carriage until the register reads zero.</p>
<p>For adding, users type in the first number into the keypad by depressing the corresponding buttons, where the number furthest to the right is the smallest digit (which could represent a decimal). Then, the user shall click the plus button causing an electric motor to spin and load the number into the lower register (the longest set of windows). After that, users type the next number to which they would like to add in the same manner. Then, after selecting the add button, the value in the lower register will be the sum that the user is looking for.</p>
<p>For subtracting, the user should perform a similar process where they type in the larger of the two numbers and then press the add button to add the larger value to the register. After that, operators should input the subtracting value into the keypad. Then the user shall select the subtraction key, causing the motor to spin in the opposite direction. This will yield the desired difference in the lower register.</p>
<p>For multiplication, the user must input the larger value into the number pad. The operators shall select the red key with an R. This locks the number so that after the addition key is selected, the number pad will not reset. If the small number of the multiplication is less than ten, the user shall select the addition key as many times as the smaller number. The upper register will count the number of times the user has selected the addition key, and the lower register will display the product.</p>
<p>If the smaller number happens to be larger than ten, the user can select the add key for the smallest digit of the smaller number, and then they can shift the entire carriage with the T-shaped knob so that they add to the power of ten more. Operators should repeat this process until the upper register shows the smaller number of the multiplication, and the resultant in the lower register will be the product.</p>
<p>Operators can perform division in the same manner as a multiplication; however, they shall input the larger number into the lower register. Then, they can use the subtraction key instead of the addition key until the lower register reads as close to zero as possible (remainders may exist). The operator can then read the result of the division in the upper register in red numbers.</p>
<p>In addition, the calculator has some extra useful functions. One is at the bottom of each column is a zeroing button which can be used to clear a column if the incorrect value is selected. Similarly, there is a larger read zeroing buttons that clear the whole number pad. Another feature is a small lever that users can move to hold down the leftmost one on the number pad. This will cause the leftmost digit in the register to count the number of additions or subtractions performed. Another functional feature is the set of sliders on the registers. Ultimately, these sliders are used for the reference of the user and are often used for dealing with decimal numbers where the digits furthest to the right are the smallest decimal value or unit of precision. Lastly, there is a knob on the right side of the calculator that can be used to spin the motor and perform calculations without electricity. In this case, the knob shall be rotated clockwise to add and counterclockwise to subtract.<strong><br /></strong></p>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Isaac Couling
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1940-1950
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Physical Object
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
no accession number
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
United States of America
1900s
20C
arithmetic
calculation
Calculator
Electricity
Mathematics
mechanism
Monroe
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/0b81c01d2be3f0637a53064d10de5093.JPG?Expires=1712793600&Signature=RMAbmShd2NFaNlS5GizJd5focV7MGBMtK6rjbnT5rYHM6GuyXbrvfMwABeU3JARc35uc4TexysIQfSX-D1ha2UWD1oEsRZAbXndfBhqPZXMWj7TlyI3RIwTMraEllYyjWtQ4mcmzglV%7ETvL5lAA6VEPvv3QkcBZPP8Ey4-haJH1udEsdjJCKmD-vNEldXWQQ6fqGDA2fid-ubvnGJSOOkTCC%7EsmBVDMt5S%7ELvleHBnIVPLOs9uLKsFR5eKTSE%7Ev1XemSFB1X8jVv0BayXsHW-E-lRPXKlyNkOW5rvy3oH-awKhf3YdE4ACumfBYnQEm2%7EmKSXRr5gXWn9yW-OoAgZg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
264c96f2eb55fbdc645582bd4acfbc4b
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/23742f4c9a0b461dead0aa26ee597dee.JPG?Expires=1712793600&Signature=bO%7EYdOpy%7Ek0N2oHK5qO-vgGK2Hkz5%7EfX2PmvAFitsKawemmk4rMaT8Z%7ETHAVEpxPrhXDnjBwd63GBujo%7EPfKMcy62x0Lfpqvn0qqzGcezSolIqDbO1-3CwZ3gUTc7OlXJ2H7bsdXmK0M5AolDcNrVuhLLEKkRPhARwNk4C5iVBnmFeBdssrn4VH8e54kcedmG4vYdyYaEo1qyVDvlbIZYuXupEJRB9b1vbS-uEGZUh-JVEfpBEebKbugxwfzeIHEMHYl7pRmCifJtCUz%7EFkxH4agIMr7EiygHn7kuDzCsXN7LusDvP1aXfGUERi75xFaYIgjutbu6WitfmDUd4tJ7Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
f1cd3ab3020ae30a4c6254755269fb29
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/084ad85a40909b54b7bc59831ee3b9dd.JPG?Expires=1712793600&Signature=neJw5qn8co6m87GfWvId5ZMr4sKji2oqRUK-gtrFs-KelplJo42sYr6r6Efd93%7EcwcxLG2c1m57s0cxHiFeZ2gHoQKaMBKJLEF7ntOmTs4UaARbe%7EDE7EOJCTfW-XG2sjURhOViWBJ1uUqGCo-StowoZTnUnkmqW04EqsV3YeB4LrsAZzZwbhIko7y6IbyGeqUXgaxCKRMAA6cJWWVbr2XYvtAz6Ks3gTH8T%7ErO406NO7s-Ct0v6gqo0koFV%7EXbw%7EhSC182qkZv%7EcZ0N04alshQ%7Ejw6UWRteA7d68265CMGJayx5pWgh1WVBqG3uD2pNcPjJkDkmCik9SkVdRIMNww__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
a4595d08ba972624037f625d25dfa746
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/a3f50d908a91606cd589936d4413a3de.JPG?Expires=1712793600&Signature=AVmKrBKuNdHaZDBV1e2OG3AbBYrlGGgYzJefzwJlW4UBML495CC1h5JaxzyKMF15nLSSYpSz4AgOwDHFwSb3fMQe9SEQjDheK8gINqJcL8gZlc9NpHrm7jKRipArTwC6u8I-VsamtSPdi7v70mN-Li4FJLgV948F55qwGm-yeBYqcL4ceLzA2Alw-cFjWwrikS-N4fAMe-7v9hRWBPDn38Oc4hXL8Kr9BBjEaHOC8WxoaNoHfw3CWHbpBB4D-lFPPFNIIBjQeYkJT8IZ95sQdaFc4gLbfefolqNEx7LJCVIkle9Ld7Q-Ua-B4j7GIardMEmVuEnPRhWrtmYu23%7EmzQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
2bed0d564499f8f190561cfcb57502d3
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/9a3a1460f9a89126b220821ec7598a1f.JPG?Expires=1712793600&Signature=OmEnzEzPHRaoO3EIXhachxUplh9I44uJlKtGm1BdgA9wL-7WMy7lh4rvSJXBfwCzXdt43SNbo-MBtPQPkHW4%7EaK5czgwJeZN6JMLMJmam3TOYkcZXW1VhOsmCB6ghQEX-9WVzRPMANWsbfvWaZ%7EoX7oqL748btajWj8Y7k%7Ec02cdRk7aTatVJKrOKBmsrU3RdccBAY9E9%7EKstMqOy9DDkHsmpNIUi7Flh7H2a10nTmKjkKqf3bL%7EjbUEXjDqpP2RJ-eeF1CFep5EeKt5kvuTt6lXVikRLnoklD9lwI2pzW32mWLh4LYa-Xxqo-CskVGmXZjuCgYyEb8gSCAHj2DJxw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
f0e7648a39c76186e6603d166eeae896
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/4636477f330c3efa2284d2462a23db71.JPG?Expires=1712793600&Signature=Klu9qfrYckLZ-AdU49Mm9wrjuToKZ0N7poJrS7pYQpRxF6ORM-LpUj8l4%7EsqXZXSUrDynB2HGRiIgxWBurT4BYkLJIcbh4oWsTaUINveX7U2xK-pCplET1Cz27yv%7E%7EkasCPRMTB3KlctwZ85VN6RyLUF4Q3ppYGWbZP4irKOJgUCPqh2UxrZOeSX1M56aQk3XaITAoMYM5ky%7El2zS%7EhUw7j942Ly-sHzLIxJFr7bJIDNhIJef8kOYj1hNXYH8iKm1LmG11Sautjqz-tUQvgfpj2-Lg9AWJYtqaX77UhJPvN1MfnLsJFVy7hImcMhdZgGTjnQGZSeh6sgnKdaO0vz5A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
237e2a99ae19957099f1fa3c567ce254
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/3c0ac3c8d68da60600312d9c5fb18961.JPG?Expires=1712793600&Signature=S4w3d82urUpcEJEMeqxBCCWmZnNbNjBhULdZiU2AIM2kss20Q6ynk2IzW6FbF6fKC3f8JD7kEW9WpJoNolz%7E99jhBxEogFmXU29Ebg2Zxl5CaXRxD9FNJ%7ERcVk79Xd8ztqBBey1idnmX7b7trGefNixhtoKg7V1J2GfSzetwrOma%7EWahENLUtto5aS%7Ez2YUXsMUF2RsQXcL0JrpcvrOtyUah7hQVONv9mC0oD2nbi6eMl3etjWf43CbYHuN2CrCvCw7WwP0vifuav2UAlRtRjQA7EvAfQ7WYyWaDaPWFdlCFr-UTZGgeu6vtcP2wT2jsV%7EO97Ha9rRKh7MQii3q60A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
c6af6ff6c48b05d634d34dd38a0fe76e
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/5363f3bcd1650f1986a3068d84fbdee7.JPG?Expires=1712793600&Signature=nU0IjhjubKhuV4FDOjNx%7E%7EpjWPcxdiRg4pp6v3-NXKBpvQpy6E-4s3LecCQTN5WXfu38iAsl0xSWLO0apdnbUiHMCgTBMC8ZZzotuVAP60OAjCIPIRvYDYwpgwWa2ZHBzetMRyRPlin4HRNxFAq4HvcoSu1KKAd4DIusO1B1eXZPYgDzAzM0V8Fud%7EoGzjGGMjcQ2ioDytayyr6ix5pvQmemslYnzVyQYzgoSv7QjsrIe5d4ezJEIXc2IHVi%7EfpOOv8aHLCcwtvhSJCFp-8zmdjCLjJipt8JDJHqabACiiGcIvjzWvQRYK4g2zYNpI7byT94YoFoNRK8hDmB6uezvw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
3aa831dc084a86935538d23a6ba4ea6b
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/eba25745c4fdc82225806d858a72d065.JPG?Expires=1712793600&Signature=psUejrQZE4jyFgQvWeGUggI5magy0F2odTd%7EIJElOhTyufcQKaaL2nOfbCOqoL2s32A3tv5tAlYK6LnwwZuQLlCiRMDlQjH6nDn2dmVWucWRIYvQ1qlGBJyCn9nVDLfgi44UZiZQmkfOhQNlJTvlneYae%7Ex3wPP4swV0fwa8NnD9DPEtn%7E49Gg6KGQuFs0TR0SuHasgrMPBkqOTEZ8qfq2qFPBiJHIzumgNkEAh4EHLZy6VvmXEQO928ev01fPIHt6GggSvhXgNPm8cf0rDOcdoH8xrtwq412wBFL%7EKnvs1ihhHPMsfMFTDiMTfcb5D-kXQibs3tWZI4lwD3OBKwjA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
51cf2c6252de7d5de1ff227bea5af74c
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/2a474076ec5570e952189d6a3f8a03d4.JPG?Expires=1712793600&Signature=hZr-i8w9LtDb%7EelOjJTly-S66uLXGgDA7qZrbZ2WKWuXYMhpBq9eLigrxL-hB6Jd1si6JiL0llkqhRC5sjSSoQZMTSUKWd6lGtABOYTZTfgdrZSrA0tkwrkCuManin25DkvLKgxCj1Do2CEAHc7jZEbj2%7EeKCTCToiImpQ2djmYPWqE8sr9H5RdnU4AVZ360kBniqTquILKbkylpnY-4mRV3QbU2iojCjeZ9cTUSGIm-SJ3JM5yqMBmxdg9c6c1GjcW3F8weQzfec0ISsTVKfMGhl1AAQXZnwZgPE2YB5ZVEdOsZtenPFatBQP8mhl7SovNooq7RTpfVo3btHPb6GQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
f26af7b0fac2a32b69e241b6f5336c7d
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/b3422bf3ef51937d24aa02f6dcf2c6e6.JPG?Expires=1712793600&Signature=khJwvYu505mllllCRGBk-NQ8V-3UM4VVSlBKTibdXUt8DkLE4LVAHHQfHdI5oNwr2nSJ84Su8Y6pOFEjFOhsGt-vs4t0vm2z37ooHJVN4gXuTQY2pQAr5GWUXzJKvLoxHicEKIHPJEhWwchyaz41fy4uaIzyw3M6kC62ag390V%7Ek1B9MtZc0h5zcErIacZZ9k1SD83jNvDzxRmvSrX0eKTAWzWhNLSnFzLjDpom5XG6%7EFLzwdOp4oO9-Gd-FD9dCpKvLnKBty4jiDCtSjTNzxBsYbD92r6YQezj1tDMEjT3wr2HByZTV87AxfN6hcWrdq58Ox53a1lMtriNSHvAfRg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
fd32de61a01192d0957a8440772c7894
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Alumni House
Description
An account of the resource
Historic scientific instruments held by Alumni Affairs, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
Physical Object
Use this field for any solid object.
Materials
Aluminum, Plastic
Maker
Pickett & Eckel Inc, Alhambra, CA
Location
The location of the interview
Alumni House
Bibliography
<em>Pickett</em>. Slide Rule Museum. Accessed March 03, 2017. http://sliderulemuseum.com/Pickett.htm.
Inscriptions
U.S.A. COPYRIGHT 1948 | PICKETT. A.F. ECKEL | ALHAMBRA. CALIF., U.S.A. [front face, left side of slide] <br />PICKETT & ECKEL INC. | ALHAMBRA CALIF U.S.A. [front face right side of slide] <br />MODEL NO. 1000 | ORTHO – PHASE DUPLEX [back face left side of slide] <br />‘Pickett logo’ [back face right side of slide] <br />D204318 [cursor]
<p dir="ltr"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Scales<strong><strong><br /></strong></strong></span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>A: 1-20 logarithmic scale</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>B: 1-20 logarithmic scale</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>T: logarithmic scale from 0-90</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>ST: logarithmic scale 0.56-5.73</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>S: logarithmic scale from 0-90</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>K: 1-30 logarithmic scale</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>D: 1-10 logarithmic scale with notation at pi</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>DF: folded scale ranging from pi-10 and then 1-pi</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>CF: folded scale ranging from pi-10 and then 1-pi</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>CIF: descending logarithmic scale pi-1 followed by 10-pi</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>CI: descending logarithmic scale 10-1</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>C: 1-10 logarithmic scale with notation for pi</span></p>
L: 1-10 linear scale<strong><br /></strong>
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
Body: 31 x 306 x 7 mm
Slide: 306 x 14 x 3 mm
Cursor: 25 x 41 x 7 mm
History of the Object
The history of this object at Michigan Tech is unknown. It is a calculation tool used before the calculator became an affordable tool.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Picket Model 1000 Slide Rule
Subject
The topic of the resource
Mathematics
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Trevor Cretney, Adam Kausch, Matthew Luebke, and Adam Miller
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
physical object
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
United States
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1957
Description
An account of the resource
<span style="text-decoration:underline;"><br /><span>Physical Description:</span></span> The Pickett 1000 slide rule is made of three rectangular bars of aluminum alloy coated in plastic with grooved slides. Two bars are connected at the end with braces that are mounted to the flat side of the bars and the third bar is free to slide between them, held in place by slide tension springs. The two outer bars are called stators and the inner bar is referred to as the slide. The slide rule also has a courser made of two flat lenses held together by aluminum above and below the upper and lower stators. Each bar of the Pickett 1000 slide rule has at least one scale on it. The front side of the slide rule has the DF scale on the upper stator CF, CIF, CI and C scales on the slide and D and L scales on the lower stator. The back side of the slide rule has an A scale in the top stator B, T, ST, and S scales on the slide and K and D scales on the lower stator.<br /><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><br />Functional Description:</span> <span>Slide rules work on a system of logarithms. In order to do multiplication the slide rule adds two logarithms and takes the antilog to determine the answer. Because the slide rule uses logarithmic scales, the operation is simplified. If the user wanted to multiply two numbers together they would move one of the indices on the C scale to the first number that they wish to multiply on the D scale .They would then move the cursor to the second number in the multiplication on the C scale and look at the corresponding number on the D scale. So, if you wanted to multiply 2 and 4 you would move the left index of the C scale to the 2 on the D scale, move the cursor to the 4 on the C scale and see that the answer Is 8. To do division the inverse is done. To find the square and square root the A or B scale and the D scale are used. Locate the number of the square root you want to find using the cursor, when found the corresponding number on the D scale is the answer. To find the square the inverse is found. cube and cube root K scale and the D scale are used. To find the cube root take the number and find it on the K scale read the corresponding number on the D scale. To find the cube the inverse is performed. Scales available on the slide C and D used for multiplication and Division, CF and DF used for multiplication and division when the C and D scales run out. The CI and CIF scales are the inverse of the C scale and CF scale respectively. The S T slides are used for sine and tangent of greater than 5.7 degrees while the ST slide is used for degrees less than 5.7 degrees. The A and B scales are used in the calculation of squares and square roots. The L scale is used for the Log base 10 of a number.</span>.<br /><span><span><br /></span></span>
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
International Slide Rule Museum. ISRM is the world's largest free digital repository of all things concerning slide rules and other math artifacts. There are over 7000 Images or PDF's in the ISRM Galleries">. Web. 22 Mar. 2017. <http://sliderulemuseum.com/SR_Scales.htm>.
Konshak, Mike. Pickett Chronology. JPG.
Hartung, Maurice L. How to use the Ortho-phase duplex slide rule. Pickett & Eckel, 1948. PDF.
20C
Calculator
Engineering
Mathematics
Pickett
Science
Slide Rule
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/f176746fd53c74074bb09d1d92de6b23.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=bjf46vXPnc9U5PVrklUz7ruBVtmjFrpG4i%7ESD9sz2eDHI8vKAR3EvRi3Gmg40J7f-Z9xbzCmDjkO%7E-CBpCyy-ansK2d1B3SnTm15o9nFlhSR5jVipjy%7EmjLTH4VUUfT2k74-h5G3Tk30BWduQv%7ESTPyJGgngOTbU6pkOmi15qaFeYIJLswxW6myMTyJ86pnTkX7NWaEbBCwPhnXzAaqMvvB4o9CVsdhR2mDav%7EyhE0U2ae2BwpqO0SJyq1gNFt2xVcYF%7EzGMB58o3ELmPDCwDK-jZT48kj59cNqKxh3t0amSdGRe%7E4dEBR1FwUkOZjHQNV-1J32wzHgRE7poCUG1Lw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
2f0418ff8c1b3b66b3a9a16deab409cb
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/848d860a657a66323f500da2e35c7fd7.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=VxdvOjhUyMZv7jh6Kh1vguw-Ov--BgTWwIBbjhDJZ41P2CLJV5L-kkUHil15M7k8CyNSYf4jkaGQrvyU09%7E8nyJK6n6cmm7kSD9znFASndBGML83rLuCjJRvg8eg111IPcKtzn%7EgaUA-YkeFTyc29ZerRt2sjg5ns%7E%7E1ZdUgaJnU-0oVcmdW1qaEYas9BOvZTNfFqL8GpBEWnOq%7Ej10yLEG16RKlkQQELzVYxdabTcAfzE6rcKSvVzGlh4KSa6nXPPDLXgOAuA5X-THI6Zrb4vT38tKoxdxeSqe6kMATeSWn-BQTVluT9n5iQLGECBzyu6AJSkpJdhlQIN9nSKpjiw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
6d8fe1924669923549d63d2fb12b56e8
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/f08c8564c524938292a2571b96a3a201.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=JoxmQQAZNQK59bU09Y-reJ8ceL%7EgCBsso10JhOMx2quPC5c6Tj3gkwmyN2IQ7zu2tDIvuzxT3S%7ESc8hA6hFtrM4F5ceMEKmkHQqSd8WxMn8x6dHSjzDAUJtG0jHWt3SQc8EcJMz%7ECMGk799RfLvI29uh5f5JT8Z1LH2zI48taB0HCam091iBOs1PfUDz6jLaS7QipZcvdyZdza7CP-nYHNpE9kZ2cJ3aPu%7EFBDieZK8nX48fDyordWOkyOJ%7ElM-b1mMA42VbL3OfxjmgeknIDXzMCutgYYKsW%7EDVWYfWFmBJTGGnOm8yVEF6r4dpQxeDHhuUrzRUDrTlP5HC%7E-uQuw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
df39ef3edfdf9c91d7806403186c8ff6
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/42ba977f057478aa494454bc4f1fb4ef.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=K18hPS36nKbUvbmnn8W6KeKwgIqyzvR237wcmDCfgdPGYNErMdZbLGgovOsi7dmut95vA50LhG0U%7Er%7E6n%7EQ9PXr7cgekU0ocS9KgydCPkKBQzLx1qe2DIe1w0iH-fzz1VEB1VGwweosycQc%7ExAkEy39USF9gNgAzAxWPzDMU2NOiBSuLLdiLpUb56vgSgSa5dpYTn8duee0KF%7Ej9F%7EGn5BrE22u6EvmBEtYec%7EP3jTQdbonDEHDygVtsk9QQfQfQFwK7TL5mdK2W8m8wWxBLlW4ZgQpyWcjE6%7Exjb%7E9wRFuGZmgh2bdkPJrB5ejmLgOBuPFtwsK073g1AVjWUa7t9A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
225fc18f4429b34946cf590628cfd0cb
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/0681707c512955c89e56cf3c3ea303ef.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=d%7ExKiNj8UeiyMQYGu5c3HoeCJkwySrTAUS3xjwBSGM7e%7E4gJsoMuEZYaprUsusm2%7ESKq%7EXBL8T0uNUuA8cQ0DnQs4M2qOPoUugvnggRUe-7nH2mQ5FuOnfB7U-PONPK6wsL5KtpjU9ta6iORNnmtc1px%7E47kr4SKLOnnGps-jHbHlNNPb8J4YOBhlk1tbHG%7EZg7CvSf%7EvmrKaHDpefalzzi1jX8tV6CrLh5cseVyLeJMHklZZy%7Eu2Uvna1CvQy6k0haB-jDyiz5bIZHnogmmm5Z5m7NieM1r0mPZxXKNLPPBMpVji%7EwJbSXv3l8PLAgQQTRpUHA5Y4PN1n-KxleBXQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
a537eae2b2e172a2ab8d025df191439d
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/315bdc2d345bd52905737fe68208b7b2.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=sKPpJWevuqCFq42vXVp8dUOukSg3s9SBQP4dKCijnCqZh9mjcnKlSTQig0uHQEYgBcl7XS6AWqFC%7E9bGfyhBBvKZ4oeFc%7E6iVyyfxLkTDJXvkFOJh0oM1mtx9NDTupGTuhxfVyGSkehjXFdwo4-skxlfYLiguPK5xy%7EyfYIq6EtNbOjB1vONgrUjNj82JgFBg4gSSTSn6O6hxuFNqKIucbwYJcFCt6FvIcUP%7ENprHecurjkv9lNzVumeD5v8sMHnthZ1Seqk8gNUjIsda7bARGTv4wpAlf2KfSNWgPDzPtAzkKji8dD9zwJngjTzo26bDWJIDFKQhS1nVYbfm6Sgyg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
a6b44f18ab63348d3f615415ef9b24b6
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/8864ae959efd4e1df0a5d474abddbddd.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=JGxffaoyubf5hiaundSFvxL30-LqKZkVZqLb7tj4radGqNfPhqs0Dmc3rwrk24-oui0SD%7EnFJxv1rpr6FGHCf7AXZntV2cq7C%7EiEgk4kY2W75n5G-fpdsevY9jutNnqzzBkvZ86bUuMGQG8sPj79VXAXJ4MfpOTMlbPF735fT%7Ei74WUpzEsF-T%7EIVTR9FxxHm0zQ-PGtmJQtNJfb41N2CxIrU1E9aak05cFGTyVKhpp-tFrJcILayC7rWyBKN3DKhmihl9wnuRZIC239q7VtL-P8cMeJSbRrgUFcd%7E-zg8MITB%7EIS1EOMrS8gAWYlpTvStJI4jHSqC%7En8FO4FKWeFw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
92d3791a50861b7f9d4f6a37cbc100f2
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
MEEM
Description
An account of the resource
Historic scientific instruments held by the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
Physical Object
Use this field for any solid object.
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
Minimum: 152.4mm X 38.1mm X 7.9mm
Maximum Extended: 279.4mm X 38.1mm X 7.9mm
Materials
Aluminum, Plastic
Maker
Pickett & Eckel - Chicago, Illinois, US
Inscriptions
MODEL | N600-ES | LOG LOG | SPEED RULE | PICKETT | MADE IN USA | PICKETT | ALL METAL | SLIDE RULES | PICKETT & ECKEL. | INC. | CHICAGO, ILL | © 1962
Scale Label Inscription in Order (Description, Function, Range)
LL1 (Log Log, e0.01x, greater than 1: 1.01-1.15 and less than 1: descending 0.99-0.91, Logarithmic) |
A (Scale of squares, x2, two repeated 1-10 scales, Logarithmic) |
B (Scale of Squares, x2, two repeated 1-10 scales, Logarithmic) |
ST (Scale of sines and tangents, sin(x) tan(x), 0.6-5.5, Logarithmic) |
T (Scale of tangents and cotangents, tan(x) cot(x), 6-45 ascending and 84-45 descending, Logarithmic) |
S (Scale of sines and cosines, sin(x) cos(x), 5.8-90 ascending and 20-84 descending, Logarithmic) |
C (Fundamental Slide Rule Scale, x, 1-10, Logarithmic) |
D (Fundamental Slide Rule Scale, x, 1-10, Logarithmic) |
DI (Reciprocal D scale, 1/x, descending 1-10, Logarithmic) |
K (Scale of cubes, x3, three repeated 1-10 scales, Logarithmic) |
LL2 (Log Log, e0.1x, greater than 1: 1.11-e and less than 1: descending 0.90-0.40, Logarithmic) |
DF (Folded D scale, x*pi, pi-10 then 1-pi, Logarithmic) |
CF (Folded C scale, x*pi, pi-10 then 1-pi, Logarithmic) |
Ln (Natural log scale, ln(x), 0-2.3, Linear) |
L (Log scale, log(x), 1-10, Linear) |
CI (Reciprocal C scale, 1/x, descending 1-10, Logarithmic) |
C (Repeated) |
D (Repeated) |
LL3 (Log Log, ex, greater than 1: e-20M and less than 1: descending 0.37-0.0001, Logarithmic)
History of the Object
Slides rules were used in math intensive engineering courses to perform calculations. Slides rules were eventually replaced by calculators and are now mostly obsolete.
Location
The location of the interview
MEEM, Third floor display case, 3rd case from the right, 2nd shelf
Bibliography
MacKenzie, D. Scott. “Illustrated Self-Guided Course On How To Use The Slide Rule.” Sliderulermuseum. November 18, 2019. https://www.sliderulemuseum.com/SR_Course.htm
Marcotte, Eric. “Types of Slide Rules and their Scales.” Sliderule. November 18, 2019. https://www.sliderule.ca/scales.htm
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Pickett Model N600-ES Log Log Speed Rule
Subject
The topic of the resource
Engineering; Mechanical Engineering; Mathematics
Description
An account of the resource
Physical Description:
The Pickett Model N600-ES Log Log slide rule is constructed using three yellow painted aluminum bars. The “ES” in the model name means “Eye-Saver” and refers to the yellow painted construction. The two outer bars are called the stators and are attached by a brace on both ends. The braces create a gap between the two stators where the third aluminum bar, called the slide, fits into the grooves between the two stators. A clear plastic cursor slides along the outside of the stators. The cursor has a vertical hairline marker on both sides of the slide rule for lining up the scales between the slide and stators. The upper stator has LL1 and A scales on the front side and LL2 and DF scales on the backside. The lower stator has D, DI, and K scales on the front side and D and LL3 scales on the backside. The slide has B, ST, T, S, and C scales on the front side and CF, Ln, L, CI, and C scales on the backside. The scales are usually logarithmic with a few exceptions such as the L and Ln scale which are log operations with a linear scale. The index of a scale is the furthest left number for the left index or the furthest right number for the right index. The scale ranges and operations are described under inscriptions.
Functional Description:
The Pickett Model N600-ES Log Log slide rule is a duplex slide rule. A duplex slide rule has scales on both sides of the slide rule and a dual-faced cursor. The dual-faced cursor allows for relating one side of the scale to the other side for a greater number of calculations. Logarithmic scales have a multiplication and division property discovered by William Oughtred in 1630 that allow for the operations of multiplication and division instead of addition and subtraction of linear scales. Multiplication is the simplest operation on a slide rule using the two fundamental scales, C and D. To multiply two numbers, x and y, the left index of C is positioned over x on the D scale. Then the cursor is position over y on the C scale. The value of the cursor on the D scale is the solution to x multiplied by y. The decimal place may need to be adjusted to get the correct order of magnitude since the C and D scale has values ranging from 1 to 10. The other scales are used to perform different operations such as squares, reciprocals, exponentials, and sines, cosines, and tangents.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Gideon Hoekstra, Nick Renke, Donovan Doran, Erik Madson
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1962
Language
A language of the resource
English
20C
20th Century
Eckel
Engineering
Mathematics
Mechanical Engineering
Pickett
Scale
Slide
Slide Rule
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/8b92e1a30d860349743bd8dfdee258d4.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=RsUnt0wJQ%7ExOtsJ6EvOb5L98bMNEqAXSwli7emJlrRsXz3GR0H8krCmjfp2PCtgj3zEqIDkyUSMLtU5s5a7U5Ry3SlXliuWlc-fhKKBNFO7ndv6oYngHORetgJ3VWA%7EKRkPVlHYO5R8rw0Iz1Kc5cyT8AHNYZAxb3WaqQie8f9wM7JHQdsvVbMgAvsBPZPvYmQOEYLmaMQjqBj%7E-netI8gaHp3LyfCPAiNECF78-srCknoELPRF8LidEkumo88r1ZY71rH9USWjZf8AF%7EbLZudTsgBBCnSSyL2zOx5wlSJOb8VlXnUVEB2W%7EJVX5PwoHN2VsAdk%7E%7EmFz9f2TopFBdg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
df69c0ca3e01ed73865be79de277a849
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/4c4db712bd39a500f8435389071507c0.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=j4DPXlV-cS-FPGQjZ6cDO7iQ3KVQcU23ijAln2qQlnX0o7qaHaA4%7Ey0iVSat3z375OB-XlwHyiYJhIvWMBWyEQicmSMwNpz%7EMAu7oMTdLS0eWcU-ux6I7dlfdByHyah1B2vxnnkOKF8oo8DZ75lt47FMCAZDo%7EZVn6LUU26fNFuEcjIrF33l3U89KzFphbz7YAo5lucyKVu0vxMEhE%7EySfnmzlXvcD918yBCVKjfyZM8eAVuMP0WHnJsuKE4D6DhURdCGQATdoruEzPx0ZoRXQVQhqOJKsKVPM0k6C8%7ENaJB2XFmw2kVbvF64VzPTkQW-Rs1D825a8MsJl929HrWrg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
94e0a873b2718d206a6b6bcc7939ad91
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/fc492e02859833a99be8f1d315f19218.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=Pv8a5VUfJjBxFlA5DRtjIA7E-K34odLmioM62Jbe-gGzKAmvKnyWg%7Ef1%7E%7EJHxP2qu%7ENQLXXRaHj%7EdFLMH3IRpxpA8urmeMlXjAel8KPVI22mWvngxCSE5a2Q4I5xEQl7IQcsHnm%7ERjD2pNEadv1Vgb714Ebeytg3WPE9Q3LhLIgHWNzT29Ipz-tb01O5j4Ioy8VSFq3tDMvYWXADYvj9lktzyxNjIBk0D4-xlGyILd8OFF3rqIyeFiNW10jvbb7BUXPmZBfTaJai3oCZzIo1NWOzYBYL7UGZ3C%7ElWnpnqDm4cFTpVoIvbzSU6LskzDdL%7E7aAzkC0H4WESr8Tffd75w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
b6004b0fb39169685952b23156abc882
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/e9da07ef92c853399d0b00a42d4f4cec.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=LqqxMIC0995JIdLMP8WRcUvlvuR3gFuP77KDr1JkZNYfKhYU2v98NEUj-Cvm0EgKBTmrIgnG4KKeH6BdfPfKCk%7El4yGWrFK6oE%7EyhGZEVFw7xEt0lyrwNU6QRep0UvS-QYbuBHJ4mi40eKKChPcYAzdjYbVcbfF9Kw1EbHwDIS4hrLUB0eUcfJo8wDNo67FTw7EzDVI9RAtWv6ogCVoIWDC0AENqRWimDRaDUMQILQYgkUHBSyvFVm7zHruEM0rvpFwf7qKR9pXzNqGTF6Qsu6SZpR35g9GFwSM3Y2l9Jn5ZCyKEqaUNyfMmS-e4LkgrjY3D7908Av081Y2QRKEmlw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
d0d74f6c9ecfd90d943acd9ef7ea7fd8
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/ec508b824b780ae3fb6fefc343ac58cc.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=TOkKTyax7ZpJyJ-tSzZnIG%7EFHMC%7ENgBES-DnbOhg6eavnQgaKXI5-l7KykC3ZkvW-c0kE9N2OzrQiQouh5qCLxTQ7da4ZjUo6BVJYDyDkwZPelMe26KGD%7EN24bYvSX1XI%7E%7EP9Gv0%7E6rrJuVNm8U7QM0f3EbHUWcCZZWYPzt04nZuDinX%7EifIHZ4EqJujTHgX3ICEgF9VuMMtgbiyNx%7EA86vMgU5weIHrgGeiSV8MB5yN8CZAVmAynMKjehdOQj1XtLoGY6VmC0aLZCbCdZF1xLqFnxG6BXc1sZgy9TR2cGKH4QdHOIDt-PnhuTO3CGsvEqsaR5235yhvhXmdo74SfQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
b4dccf38906aaff044d6b2d2e4b50a78
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/981c5722bf3069c5c65f64e9ad409c55.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=pI-L9hFQt3lPaI48IbcdWkCE7nBqr6tomi%7E0G0mu64NcvGrW%7EHh5vqWiAqi8ZUMJ7DROettpv8bLUMO-kP5W7Pdkir1QTTphTSe30sgo9fz-UTWcIhc00OFSjL%7E4wtFkwdyiCvlCPmJ5CxHufbHSbFmNgIhvqMC0U-D8jaGd3RvCbqgNY6jhU338kdJjxOkObWU%7Epc-cQRQeniKYe0PX%7E9lBHsNIIJtV%7ETjmAaCFeBd7luMpdl%7E%7E0x0TLarpTMD%7ERmrNPut9IGCOe825UEHOr-StToUROeLV3vQm04bFOsYMT-yDXqQShaYoCBGFYq8yCTGCpVBMaaZKhfOSLnKX4A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
6049dff14ee6c55bbce2d685f61f2980
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/ff8169032786c335749b30b4170ae302.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=L4nMCM3%7E1N5Sf5YwX9WN74Y3Vo-84lkz7kxguMPP4QMVjOohxJRiJOJXeAf9Lnzl2uiwiMKaRTY9YKSOlPnbqXtiK7BGBOSEVnh-rqRM2HSkJ3W-JcAbQJal3eRmClFF3TT3N5DqpDLt7jWXS0S4sxj26hSl9gFncioyD9YDOcaFoqMAXXkrZ4wU--Cwgm0nv3ZAAAUgx1p1IV8aERJrJBOtqWb9jN48kh-iANNe04Koi6hXSCH1jiVk-dqFZIKeXhABWFpsNRyzNqu3SeT8lrhV4QRhvZYa1%7Eu6WW1oIyw9yZNn%7EkAKLpZ5eh%7EvY3T8AVZ6OxgF-fKo0FGJiX3fXQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
917969f2dc06046ae3864cb27313477d
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/0d0a00e429e3f18469d5ca8aeae3f585.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=lFUhfoGjFOlaJ4AHLZMCfMRVRpS%7El315D-gd-uD3s7KUQ1f-TZp6pCiiYcY-MlIwGBt62BdQnIItlbo7dBmXYjHj4NW01OPAhfNWurhI76GsErEzTzcYWsaq-eVBMd8QUoIalDRASiPr6nZrvORlTAI99-ZC%7E7pPQDRKkPa31KiOlF1HA0E-5S10mnRjjl3GwPSkSTHR8D4F2bi3Oat80dpCsBgpEGUE3wyRt%7E1i-KvkdrkWrLk8Ruyn4GG3zLEgWKqsMq8g1TN9CI3qF7khhChjVWWXcViKm%7Ek9L0nTWqYubhhoxCHPn3kbWyGvWC14Vc49sdHAXCVouFLi-HDnPg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
7ff02f1656f9edc60abe0bf0e76f5b65
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/04e2dbf57a34fb783ff66ed636c68600.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=ht77WLrR0vu9QiNIJl--VWUTQyy9AyzRSq%7EwC5hNBn2JefWJPmYMQ5WmRuE6phsBnJ86ykWLL38h2u%7ECwgiTD-xz5uTJkXyyENijfo26VLdJLXdfdyumadm0-Jl-GViurqF-iA4wWuxnvij5lhdGDdVFUN01g7A2b7Hmv-gAyvWwyl8RzfjUxp2flUdbHUe2JevCujgoubSUE3RS8FEqhIuqyUobztMLbMiO3FLFy8Dj4499An21CUNulAY-odocTekurxxW3%7EjnC33e64ybkG9LfP9AJ3JNPsVPZH%7Eg6bDh0gRgMM93402jhEbdjz0ge%7EmXsjL0fZVHQcueQpSceA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
c24408a7d4bdc5eb2bf53b6c33cb70b9
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/f17c2a6a1d544d047a8bbbc0a63ee84f.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=F2hEvvzHrcM7kuWtDASHxcVP0IJSdTD6ZX8TysG5aNiKacVFoOqekEq19zxlVfEdx34v6xTvESkePPnlzCD2b5OWvMKkaZAWKoDS3JKq3UdDtsaWwlrR8yQucZYzJB8cWT-9Lyog91yJRyIiVZdVTEbk0sKmgmkwgmsFnNW%7E2nCfa234f3aTu4SSijZxMxCzrXngwEvPuI8dJZz9%7E0%7E7LEVYsO-%7EO2tuVCm%7EE8kJwGxrkjn26LkH507rob9lxMe4oxRZZut62bp8Kk-c8tc3OLRocoG4-LaEX5Ii5XSQmEtYfl6MoLzx1LVqRPmd4ipSihE9ZmfkSFlBoOTC11LobQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
bd4bc767c856faf5ad687eec062c74e6
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/962b7ae70b523339b23223167465cef0.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=LfVgsZ9rchjymK0YTbaqGxJ7UflVR5eWS0Vc27Dq06iuG8YuxaOznmCOenUii4CPEqefMqdZCdK9ZdKMSPG76JZ3-eMLuSqIrN%7EoTpF0aPtjVdSCtFRfCqc5ai52ySVUGwoRahHtObPt2RkRFyQcwj6OSc-4CkfUoV0VtBM3oSC2D3bmIiIUExlgZ-IzIou-PZBoP1ax8ch-KZr5-lWJsqNdE6w8fJKNtLoxgl6leGtg5vk5DacK3wm%7EEEhmwiFApje-sWLGGz9ZTIxsJn5G8njZN93ZO6vISLXfhZ18jrXuF1QikmTx9LRcPfhlFtC7ZUjVpoaf%7EaquvrKGRd1loA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
78e953e7e24c9faa8030279bd5bba42c
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/28382/archive/files/a3f20e59b88a975881528424697a0972.jpg?Expires=1712793600&Signature=K1m1ASKgYuIbLf8Fy3erUanhBTq7cz7wV0vedskGV6ukxk0uc44pQ3%7EB9AHjgHvF4QXIYf-hu8-lwQMGGQQwy72yx1f6DA%7ExHRNb7haezOUl-2mZ1tXyVBtGgFLlEz7vCNmWEWxtdHUpTP%7EeEM1ezVo-Qjy3dItaTLck7FZme3lPjA9Zb-t%7EWg95xivWcAs--AM1lm8D21XWJbsQhw2pLNliDR8-UdbDSYeYy721DFtiuJq7odJKfNoLdxZ9XqJgpIq5DUrz0CqZtUl1Z9lPQQ8k8abHtYGqW-egt5HO7H8dfVoXN4OoKD76oU9N6nGRPR4b%7EW0Npgp1PtC42sloAA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
df69c0ca3e01ed73865be79de277a849
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
MEEM
Description
An account of the resource
Historic scientific instruments held by the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
Physical Object
Use this field for any solid object.
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
Length 304.4 X Width 165.1 X Height 355.6 mm
Key Shape 1: 17.5 X 9.5 X 17.5 mm Key Shape 2: 38.1 X 9.5 X 17.5 mm
Materials
Metal, plastic, paint, glass, and rubber.
Maker
WANG Laboratories, Inc.
Inscriptions
FRONT: PROGRAMMING KEYBOARD | MODEL 370 ELECTRONIC CALCULATOR WANG LABORATORIES, INC. MASS. U.S.A. WANG PROPERTY OF | 41904 MICHIGAN | TECHNOLOGICAL | UNIVERSITY BACK
FUSE TURN OFF | ON POWER 115 AC | 60 CPS I/O E.P. READER
BOTTOM: Wang Laboratories Inc. | ELECTRONIC CALCULATOR | 370 SYSTEMS | MODEL NO. 370/370-2 | SERIAL NO. 700185 | TEWKSBURY, MASS, U.S.A. AUG 14 1968
History of the Object
Likely used as an early programming device and calculator at the school before being replaced by better computers.
Location
The location of the interview
MEEM 3rd Floor, Hallway Display Case
Bibliography
Bensene, Rick. “Wang Laboratories: From
Custom Systems to Computers.” The Old Calculator Web Museum. September 8, 2019. Accessed November 18, 2019. https://www.oldcalculatormuseum.com/d- wangcustom.html
Wang Calculators – History.” DoPECC.
Accessed November 18, 2019. https://dopecc.net/calculators/wang/
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Wang Laboratories Model 370 Programming Calculator
Subject
The topic of the resource
Mathematics; Science; Engineering; Financial Services.
Description
An account of the resource
A rectangular shaped (304.4 Length X 165.1Width X 355.6 Height mm) device. This frame is made of metal that is painted everywhere except the stainless steel bottom. The front of the calculator contains a panel and display board. The panel holds 56 plastic keys of different shapes (Key Shape 1: 17.5 X 9.5 X 17.5 mm & Key Shape 2: 38.1 X 9.5 X 17.5 mm) and colors (black, gray, white, and blue) and 12 small white switches. The display board is a clear plastic sheet with a 14-digit display of nixie tubes behind it. On top there are multiple openings, likely for ventilation. On the back near the bottom is a black plastic knob, a switch for power, 2 slots for inputting cords, and 2 cords that go out.
Functional Description:
The Wang Model 370 Programmer is a primitive calculator that was capable of being programmed for adding loops, logical tests, jumps, and subroutine calls. This turned the calculator into a small computer.
On the keyboard are many different commands for programming and many basic calculator operations (such as add, subtract, multiply, divide, etc.). The 370 Programmer calculates operations and displays them on through the clear plastic screen via lighting up different nixie tubes shaped into numbers.
The 370 was capable of programming and reading code. It could use the programming keys on the keyboard to create a code. It could attach to a card reader that would read punch out sheets and translate the card into code for the 370 to use. Both methods could then store the code on the 370 to be used later.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Gideon Hoekstra, Donovan Doran, Erik Madson, Nick Renke
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1967-1968
Language
A language of the resource
English
20C
Calculating
Computing
Engineering
Math
Science
Timecards
WANG
Wang 370