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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Cvil and Environmental Engineering
Subject
The topic of the resource
Civil and Environmental Engineering
Physical Object
Use this field for any solid object.
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
Width of Field Coil casing: 7cm
Diameter of Field Coil casing: 26cm
Diameter of Driver Coil casing: 14cm
Materials
Metal alloy(non-magnetic), copper coil, steel, magnesium
Maker
The MB Manufacturing Company Inc., New Haven, CT
Inscriptions
UNITED STATES PROPERTY | U.S. 2322 | UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
PROPERTY OF | UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN | 541815
No 1 c-31 (marked on the left one)
No 2 c-31 (marked on the right one)
MB | VIBRATION TEST | EQUIPMENT | MODEL C31 | TYPE
SER. 333 | MB ELECTRONICS | A DIVISION OF TECTRON ELECTRONICS, INC. | NEW HAVEN, CONN. | PAT. APPLIED FOR
History of the Object
Originally from the University of Florida, the sold to the University of Michigan and then sold to Michigan Tech. Told by Stan Vitton.
Location
The location of the interview
Dillman Bldg, Room B10 sub-basement
Bibliography
See also Vintage MB Manufacturing Company Inc. Vibration Computer 1954 Slide Rule USA [<a href="https://www.ebay.com/itm/Vintage-MB-Manufacturing-Company-Inc-Vibration-Computer-1954-Slide-Rule-USA-/274592830272">eBay</a>]
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Calibrator Exciter; Model: C31
Subject
The topic of the resource
Geophysics; Soil Science; Geo-Mechanics
Description
An account of the resource
<strong>Physical Description</strong><br /><br />The two Calibration Exciters are mounted to a sturdy cement wall by 4 steel screws at each corner of the base. The base is comprised of a non-magnetic metal alloy that has a square plate flush against the wall and two perpendicular plates which the driver coil sits between. The field coil casing is made from the same non-magnetic material and contains loops of copper coil which are partially exposed on the front side by 4 holes in the casing. The field coil is connected to the driver coil by a magnesium rod. The two coils are held in place by a large, non-magnetic, metal alloy, vertical clamp that that is positioned against the front side of the driver coil and the rear side of the field coil. The field coil has a receptacle with four pin holes: two for AC current, and 2 for DC current. The driver coil is connected to a steel connector, which must be at least 3” long which then connects to the desired test equipment or vibration table. The current is measured in the coils by a connected ammeter. <br /><br /><strong>Functional Description</strong> <br /><br />The main use of the Calibration Excitor is to calibrate vibration pickups, and displacement of acceleration by directly attaching to the vibration table and applying a frequency. The field coil is supplied a DC voltage which creates a steady magnetic field around it. The driver coil is within the magnetic field, and the driver coil is supplied an AC current with adjustable frequency and amplitude. The frequency created by the driver coil is used for calibration and to generate force to be applied to the vibration table and testing equipment and used to find the resonant frequency of the tested
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1946
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
physical object
Language
A language of the resource
English
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
UNITED STATES PROPERTY | U.S. 2322 | UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
PROPERTY OF | UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN | 541815
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
USA
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Alumni House
Description
An account of the resource
Historic scientific instruments held by Alumni Affairs, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
Physical Object
Use this field for any solid object.
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
338 mm x 386 mm x 235 mm
Materials
Wood, Ceramic/Stone, Glass, Metal, Brass
Maker
Christian Beckering Inc., New York, NY
Location
The location of the interview
Alumini House: Front office
Bibliography
Paselk, R. "Analytical Balance, Chainomatic." Analytical Balance, Chainomatic. September 22, 2013. Accessed March 02, 2017.
https://www2.humboldt.edu/scimus/HSC.36-53/Descriptions/ChBal52.htm
Macnevin, William M. The analytical balance—its care and use. Sandusky, Ohio: Handbook Publishers, Inc., 1951.
Stock, John T. "The 'chainomatic' principle, used earlier in other connections, but patented by Christian A. Becker (18741946) in 1915." In Development of the Chemical Balance, 30. London: Her Majesty's Stationary Office, 1969.
Inscriptions
<strong>MCMT-9614</strong> <br />[bottom left of the frame’s left face] <br /><strong><br />R20770</strong> <br />[bottom left of the frame’s right face]<br /><br /><strong>Christian Beckering Inc., New York</strong> <br />[bottom face of the device]
History of the Object
<h5>Historical Information</h5>
Patented by <a title="Brief history for Christian Becker" href="https://www2.humboldt.edu/scimus/Manufac/C_Becker/Becker.htm" target="_blank">Christian A. Becker</a> in 1916, and commercialized by L Oertling, Ltd, the chainomatic balance - or as we know it in its exhibit at Michigan Technological University, the chainomatic analytical scale - was crafted to serve the increasing demands of society and academia. For centuries earlier, the traditional two-pan balance was used for all sorts of measurements of weight. In particular some careful measurements were required for accurate measures in chemistry, engineering, and other academic fields, as well as in the measure of small but valuable items such as precious metal coins, gems, ivory, etc. The chainomatic balance was conceived as a relatively easily-implemented, accurate measure of weight and balance. It helped to ease the burden of scientists of the era that would need to balance a two-pan scale to extreme accuracy using tweezers. Meanwhile, the chainomatic scale could provide careful adjustments with the turning of a knob to alter the position and turn weight of a chain attached to the beam. The chainomatic balance was commonly used where precision as fine as within around 10 milligrams was required and could be afforded. <br /><br /> Given the nature of the chainomatic scale, it is the assumption of the authors that this particular model was used by the various scientific departments of Michigan Technological University for its nominal use of careful measurements of mass. However, such information is not present in the exhibit, and sources lack any explicit accounts of this model’s use or history. Being a mining school in its earliest days, Michigan Tech may have used chainomatic scales to measure out the ore and yield involved in copper refinement, or in researching techniques in more careful, deliberate mining.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Chainomatic Analytical Scale
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Stuart Gillette, Micaiah Grossmann, Sam Meluch, Nicholas Minarich, and Keeli Winquist
Subject
The topic of the resource
Apothecary;Jeweler: Chemist
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
physical object
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
MCMT-9614 | R20770
These inscriptions could be make and model numbers, or relate to the manufacturing of the scale such as a serial number or tracking identifier.
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
USA
Description
An account of the resource
<h5><strong>Physical Description</strong></h5>
The scale’s frame is a rectangular prism composed of a russet-colored wood, with some sun bleaching occurring to its front face. Three tarnished metal feet, one on each front corner and one placed in the middle of the rear side, hold the frame about 2 cm above the ground. There are four glass-paneled doors that allow access to the actual measurement apparatus. A 145 mm x 235 mmm door on the top side that can be removed fully from the frame, and has a handle on the left and right sides that can hold it securely in place. Two 162 mm x 150 mm hinged doors are set into the left and right side of the frame, with securing handles being placed on the side of the door the corresponds to the frame’s front side. The fourth door is the primary access way to the scale; it is a vertically sliding door, 289 mm x 230 mm, with a worn white knob of an unknown material at the base that can be used to lift it up. The door can be lifted completely out of its slots, but two strings prevent it from being detached from the frame completely. The rear side is made up almost entirely of a pane of glass. <br /><br /> Two letter and number combinations are printed on the frame: MCMT-9614 appears on the bottom left of the frame’s left side; R20770 on the bottom left of the frame’s right side. They may be the scale’s make and model numbers, or possibly relate to the production and manufacturing process of the scale.<br /><br /> The scale apparatus itself rests on a polished black layer, made of either ceramic or stone, that is positioned 40 mm above the bottom of the frame and extends past the four wooden sides. Two metallic gray weighing platforms hang about 20 mm above the ceramic base, suspended from hooks about 220 mm above the base. A metal hanger for suspending weight is welded between the <a title="Image of Original Wrappings for the Chain" href="https://www2.humboldt.edu/scimus/HSC.36-53/Images/CB_AB2_ChBox_contents.jpg" target="_blank">two small metal rods</a> that hold the platforms to their suspension hook, though the hanger for the left platform has broken off, and a metal peg has been secured to each of that platform’s rods to hold the hanger up. The stirrups for the the platform suspension hooks rest below a “100 mm” measurement poise that tops the scale apparatus; this measured displacement can then be used to determine the weight of the objects being measured, in grams. Descending from the measurement poise, the scale’s pointer ends at a small cream-colored piece of plastic, 6-sided—though similar in shape to a hypotenuse. The plastic piece has the words “Christian Beckering Inc., New York” printed across the bottom, while the scale’s measurement lines are printed almost microscopically along the top. The scale’s central pillar, support beams, and base are all formed out of brass. A solid brass cylinder also extends out from the base toward the front of the frame. An adjustable-angle magnifying glass that is used to make out the measurement lines can be slid on and secured to this cylinder if the scale is undergoing frequent use, though the lens has been removed from this particular scale’s magnifying glass. <br /><br /> Two apparatus control knobs are located on the wooden frame: one on the front side, directly below the front door’s lifting knob; and one on the right side, at the middle along the top. The front knob can be rotated clockwise and counterclockwise to adjust the sensitivity of the measurement platforms. The right knob can be rotated in either direction, and pushed in and pulled out, though not entirely. The particular purpose of this knob is unknown because its mechanisms in conjunction with the rest of the scale are broken, though it may have once served to adjust the balance of the scale. <br /><h5><strong>Functional Description</strong> </h5>
In order to use the scale, the user must adjust the knob on the front of the wood box that will move the stoppers under the metal plates. This will keep the scale from moving when adding the object/weights to each of the metal plates. The user then places the object to be weighed on one of the metal plates, and places weights of known value (not included in this particular artifact), on the other plate. Then the user turns the knob until the stoppers are no longer beneath the metal plates, and the plates are hanging freely. If the pointer hangs directly straight down, the load is balanced. If not, the process needs to be repeated by placing the stoppers beneath the plates again, then adding or removing weight in order to get the pointer to hang straight down. While the user is observing the pointer, it is important to close the glass door on the box to prevent airflow from impacting the results. The user will continue this until the pointer hangs straight down. Once the pointer is hanging straight down the user can sum the amount of weights added to the pan to find the weight of the object. The weight of the object is equal to the amount of added weight when the load is balanced.<br /><br /><a title="The Care and Use of a Balance" href="https://www2.humboldt.edu/scimus/Instruments/UseCareBal/UseCareBal.htm" target="_blank">The Care and Use of a Balance</a>
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Gaertner Scientific Co. 1926 advert for colored flame burner
Subject
The topic of the resource
Chemistry
Physics
Combustion
Atomizer
Description
An account of the resource
This advertisement appeared in the advertising supplement in <em>Scientific American</em> on June 30, 1926, p. vii. The description of the flame tester is as follows:<br /><blockquote><strong>L568</strong>. <strong>Colored flame burner</strong>. A Bunsen burner, a vessel for solution and an atomizer are mounted together. The atomizer when attached to an air supply blows a fine spray of the solution in the gas, giving a bright, broad flame with the color characteristic of the salt used. The flame if viewed edgewise gives considerable intensity. All metal parts exposed to the solution or heavy porcelain enameled ... $8.50</blockquote>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
The Gaertner Scientific Company, Chicago, IL
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Scientific American, via JSTOR
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1926
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Henry Roell and Garvin Huntley
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
out of copyright.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPG, 3911 × 2864
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
periodical advertisement
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Physics
Description
An account of the resource
Historic scientific instruments held by the Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
Physical Object
Use this field for any solid object.
Materials
porcelain, glass, rubber, cork, nickeled steel
Maker
Gaertner Scientific Corporation, Chicago [now in Skokie], IL
Inscriptions
[etched on glass] Gaertner, Chicago
History of the Object
The Gaertner Scientific Corporation was founded in 1896.
Location
The location of the interview
Fisher Hall, physics storage room
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
11cm width x 20cm tall x 12.5 cm length (exhaust stem)
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Colored Flame Burner
Subject
The topic of the resource
Chemistry
Atomizer
Combustion
Description
An account of the resource
<strong>Physical Description<br /></strong>A small glass jar captured between a porcelain base and a porcelain cap, the latter of which is held on the top of the glass jar with a rubber gasket. A blown glass tube enters the glass jar from the side by means of a rubber stopper and a second tube is built into the porcelain top. On the top, a fan shaped aperture (burner?) is mounted.<br />Object has a tin fume/exhaust fanout on the top connected to the body by a white ceramic chute. The chute is connected to a white ceramic lid with a port branching out at the base of the exhaust chute creating a T-shaped pipeway. The top has two curved hooks that guide metal pins to the base of the object. The base consists of a white ceramic donut with a ring gasket in the center that a glass chamber sits on. The pins hold the lid in place with metal thumb screws. The glass chamber is a cylinder with a hole on the side. An L-shaped glass tube sits in the hole and the surrounding space of the hole is filled with a rubber and cork stopper. The part of the L-shaped tube that sits in the chamber has orange staining on the bottom. <strong><br /><br />Funcitonal Description</strong> <br />The function of this apparatus has not been tested, but it is believed that a combustible gas is pumped into the chanber from the tube in the porcelain top, while some ofther gas is admitted from the tube in the stoppered side. The gasses then mix inside the glass jar and the top fan is a burner that allow for flame tests (color and steadiness, perhaps) to be performed.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Henry Roell and Garven Huntley, with cataloging by Gary Spikberg, Andrew Merdzinski, Andrew Stanley, Nick Lesko and additions and corrections by Steven A. Walton
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1920s?
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
physical object
Language
A language of the resource
n/a
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
none
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
USA
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
A.E. Seaman Mineral Museum
Description
An account of the resource
Historic scientific instruments held by the A.E. Seaman Mineral Museum, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
Physical Object
Use this field for any solid object.
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
Total height: 20.4cm
Stand to tip Including glass tube length: 27.5cm
Glass tube length: 20.4cm
Glass tube circumference: 9.7cm
Outward facing tube diam.: 2.3cm
Outward facing tube length from stand: 10.6cm
Materials
Copper, glass, rubber
Maker
Reynolds M. Denning, Houghton, Michigan
History of the Object
Not much is known regarding this particular Crookes tube, other than that it was built by Reynolds M. Denning in the mid 1940s. It is thought that the tube was constructed at the Michigan College of Mining and Technology (now Michigan Technological University), though even this isn’t known for sure. At the time that Denning designed and built his Crookes tube, this type of appliance was somewhat antiquated, with other, more efficient, X-ray and electron beam generators readily available. This would suggest that he constructed this particular device for his own enjoyment rather than for any research purpose. This would be consistent with his fascination with different instruments. Denning was known to design and construct many apparatuses, both for professional reasons and as a hobby. Denning’s research interests did, however, include crystallography, optics, and various physics topics, which may have inspired him to create a Crookes tube.
Denning was born on September 3rd, 1916 in Fitchburg, MA to William Wallace and Emma McConnell Denning. His father was a research electrical engineer, and young “Rey” received much of his first knowledge from him. However, Rey’s father died in 1932, and him and his mother moved to Rochester, NY. It was here that Denning got his first taste of academia when he performed physics experiments with the faculty at University of Rochester while still in high school.
After high school, Denning obtained his BS in geology in 1939 from the Michigan College of Mining and Technology. From here, he briefly worked with the Army Corps of Engineers in Arkansas before accepting a teaching fellowship in mineralogy through Stanford University. In 1942, Denning married Helen Green, then very quickly after, traveled to South America. Denning worked in Bolivia during World War II, researching mineralogy and geology regarding the mining of tin. He afterward returned to Houghton to complete his M.S. degree, writing his thesis on sandstone. This dissertation was titled "The Petrology of the Jacobsville Sandstone, Lake
Superior." Denning then continued his Ph.D. (which he began during his time at Stanford) at the University of Michigan. Denning wrote his doctoral thesis on the hardness of diamond and was granted his Ph.D. in 1953. In 1956, Denning became an associate professor at the University of Michigan where he continued research on diamonds, mixing in various aspects of optics. Denning was granted his full professorship in Minerology, and taught at the University of Michigan until his death in 1967.
Location
The location of the interview
A. E. Seaman Mineral Museum, Houghton, Michigan, catalog number: DM3323
Bibliography
<p>“<a href="https://www.lib.umich.edu/faculty-history/faculty/reynolds-m-denning/memorial">Reynolds M Denning Memorial</a>.” <em>University of Michigan Faculty History Project. </em>2011, accessed 2/25/17. <br />https://www.lib.umich.edu/faculty-history/faculty/reynolds-m-denning/memorial.</p>
<p>Cloke, Paul L., and Edward H. Poindexter. "<a href="http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM54/AM54_609.pdf">Memorial of Reynolds McConnell Denning</a>." Mineralogical Society of America. March & April 1967. Accessed March 20, 2017. http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM54/AM54_609.pdf.</p>
<p><span>Spiegel, Peter K. "The first clinical X-ray made in America--100 years." <em>AJR</em>.<em> American Journal of Roentgenology</em> 164, no. 1 (1995): 241-243.<br /></span><br />Crookes, William. "The Bakerian Lecture: On the Illumination of Lines of Molecular Pressure, and the Trajectory of Molecules." <em>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London</em>. Vol. 170. 135-164. 1878. Accessed March 20, 2017. http://rstl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/170/135.</p>
<p><em>Dictionary of Scientific Biography</em>, Edited by Charles Coulston Gillispie. Vol. 3. 474-481. NY: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1971.</p>
<p><span> </span></p>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Crookes tube (X-ray generator)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Mineralogy; Physics; X-ray research
Description
An account of the resource
Physical Description: The body of the Crookes tube instrument consists of a copper cube, in the center of a metal stand. The stand consists of a long tube with three legs protruding from the base. There are two additional tubes that extend beyond the cube's surface. When looking at the instrument from the front, extending to the right is a glass cylinder that has copper tube extending the length of it on the inside. Less than halfway down the copper tube inside the glass cylinder is a metal ring that has holes along its circumference. Adjacent to the glass tube, pointing towards the viewer when looking at the instrument from the
front, is a metal tube. On the upper half of the instrument above the cube, there is a metal tube that narrows in diameter towards its top. The are several places that rubber vacuum tubes would attach to create a vacuum, two at the end of the glass cylinder, two at the end of the tube protruding from the top, and one directly attached to the main cube.
Functional Description: To operate the Crookes tube a voltage is applied between the metal electrodes at either end of the glass tube. The electric field produced by the application of a voltage causes the gas particles in the tube to accelerate and collide with other gas molecules. If the energy of the collision is high enough an electron will be forced off the gas molecule and a positive ion will form. This process of ionization will continue to occur as a chain reaction until most of the gas molecules in the tube have been ionized. The positive ions are then attracted to the negative cathode, and when the ions collide with the metal the electrons are removed from the surface. The voltage being applied to the tube causes the electrons to accelerate as they all move towards the positively charged anode at the other end of the tube. Due to the increased speed the electrons collide with the wall behind the anode which causes them to become excited. As the electrons become excited and return to their original energy level, x-rays are produced. The x-rays will then exit through the opening at the end of the metal tube which sits perpendicular to the glass tube. A sample can then be placed a certain distance away from the opening and when the x-rays hit the sample an image will be produced on a screen behind the sample.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Nicole Bliven, Shelby McGuire, Zach Nelson, Joseph Aldape, and Will Christian
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
c. 1940-1950
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Physical object
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
United States of America
Century: 20C
geology
physics
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Physics
Description
An account of the resource
Historic scientific instruments held by the Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
Physical Object
Use this field for any solid object.
Materials
wood, bakelite, copper wiring, glass, felt
Maker
Weston Electrical Instrument Co., Newark, NJ
Inscriptions
[top, in meter] WESTON DIRECT CURRENT VOLTMETER <br />[top] WESTON ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENT CO. | NEWARK, N.J. U.S.A | PATENTED NOV. 6TH 1888 | No. | 11360 <br />[top - painted] J161a<br />[top button] 150<br />[front face] PATENTED | NOVEMBER 6. 1888. | No. <a href="https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/e9/ea/38/cc03cdff5498c5/US392386.pdf">392.386</a> and No. <a href="https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/94/71/7e/a38998e499a79b/US392387.pdf">392.387</a>. | April 29. 1890 No. <a href="https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/02/51/0c/3c17829486f306/US427022.pdf">427.022</a>. | Feb. 17. 1891. No. <a href="https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/c8/54/f6/a97f2ac2f2bb90/US446489.pdf">446.489</a>. | OCT. 4. 1898. No. <a href="https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/63/b7/05/4386edfcbeb9f5/US611722.pdf">611.722</a>. | DESIGN PATENTS | JUNE 10. 1890. | No. 19.895 and No. 19.896. | MAR. 22. 1898. No. 28.393.<br />[meter scale - black] 0 to 150 by 1s<br />[meter scale - red] 0 to 15 by 0.1s<br />[front side adjustment screw] 0 | CORRECTION<br />[right side lables] 40677 | 2900<br />[top side brass plate] MCMT-8896<br />[case top lables] 2900 | 40677<br />[case stamped letters] PL 5541 | VOLT 3 | 15
Location
The location of the interview
Fisher Hall, physics storage room
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
Overall: 315mm x 300mm x 230mm
Box: 325mm x 345mm x 100mm
Glass window: 40mm diam
Knobs: 15mm diam
Bibliography
“Weston Electrical Instrument Corp.” Weston Electrical Instrument Corp. FTL Design, January 2, 2017. http://weston.ftldesign.com/.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
DC Voltmeter, Model 1, NO. 5541
Subject
The topic of the resource
Physics
Electricity
Description
An account of the resource
<strong>Physical Description</strong><br />A Wooden/Brass Instrument that is housed in a Wooden box with a lock on the top and a leather handle on the side attached by two metal fasteners. The tool itself has a dial separated into increments of 10. It has 3 black plastic knobs that can be unscrewed and a button/switch on the front face. It also has multiple model numbers and a calibration screw on the bottom<br /><br /><strong>Functional Description</strong><br />Measures the DC Voltage between 2 inputs, an optional 3rd input can be used as well. The DC Voltage Potential between the inputs is displayed by the dial on the front of the instrument. The instrument itself is rated for 150V maximum and 3V minimum. The box for the instrument serves as a carrying case as well as a protective shield to the outside environment.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Timothy Maze, Liam Anderson, Zach Nicholas, Peter Amundsen with additions by Steven A. Walton
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
late 1890s or early 1900s; July 12, 1930
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
physical object
Language
A language of the resource
Enlglish
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
painted inventory no. on front: J161a
Model 1, NO. 5541; 40677, 2900, MCMT-8896
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
USA
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Alumni House
Description
An account of the resource
Historic scientific instruments held by Alumni Affairs, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
Physical Object
Use this field for any solid object.
Materials
[instruments] steel, nickel steel, wood, leather
[case] wood, black shagreen, blue velvet lining, steel snaps
Maker
Dietzgen Co., Chicago, IL
Inscriptions
[case] Dietzgen | "Champion"
[monogram on snaps] E D Co.
History of the Object
Owned by Robert A. Neault ('38)
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Dietzgen "Champion" Drawing Set
Subject
The topic of the resource
drafting
Robert A. Neault ('38) collection
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Steven A. Walton
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
after 1938
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Physical Object
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Alumni House
Description
An account of the resource
Historic scientific instruments held by Alumni Affairs, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
Physical Object
Use this field for any solid object.
Materials
<strong>Case:</strong> steel, felt, leather<br /><strong>Instruments: </strong>stainless steel, plastic
Maker
Eugene Dietzgen Company, Chicago
Inscriptions
<p><strong>Case Front:</strong> DIETZGEN | MASTER-PRO | 1213PJ<br /><strong>Case Back:</strong> MADE IN GERMANY</p>
History of the Object
<p>Dietzgen engineering supply company was founded in 1885 in Chicago by the German immigrant Eugene Dietzgen. The first manufacturing facility opened in 1893, producing T-squares, drawing boards, surveying instruments, drafting instruments, and other engineering supplies. High quality and craftsmanship of the tools made Dietzgen sets highly sought after.</p>
<p>The specific set of drafting equipment that is in the Alumni House is a Dietzgen Master - Pro 1213PJ. Sets such as this were produced throughout the 1930s, 40s, and 50s. The set that resides on the campus was produced within the 1930s, having a unique configuration within the box that is much more rare than the later versions from the 1950s. These tools were likely used for surveying and architectural drawings throughout its time at Michigan Technological University. The time of arrival at the university is unknown.</p>
Location
The location of the interview
Display case on first floor of Alumni House.
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
<p>Numbers correspond to Figure 2.<br /><strong>1. Extension for Beam Compass:</strong> 230 mm x 5 mm<br /><strong>2. Beam Compass:</strong> <span>Sliding parts 70 mm x 20 mm, Guiding bar 230 mm x 5 mm</span><br /><span><strong>3. Screwdriver:</strong> <span>17.5 mm x 5 mm</span></span><br /><span><strong>4. Pen Attachment:</strong> <span>67 mm x 6 mm</span></span><br /><span><strong>5. Large Compass:</strong> Max angle 80 degrees, <span>Arms 160 mm x 6 mm</span></span><br /><span><strong>6. Pen attachment:</strong> <span>68 mm x 5 mm</span></span><br /><strong>7. Lead Capsule:</strong> 8 mm x 6 mm<br /><strong>8. Replacement Parts Capsule: </strong>50 mm x 11 mm<br /><span><strong>9. Pen Attachment: </strong><span>38 mm x 5 mm</span></span><br /><span><strong>10. Divider: </strong><span>150 mm x 5 mm</span></span><br /><span><strong>11. Small Compass: </strong>Max angle 80 degrees, <span>112.5 mm x 6 mm</span></span><br /><span><strong>12. Ruling Pen:</strong> <span>140 mm x 8 mm</span></span><br /><span><strong>13. Technical Pen:</strong> <span>130 mm x 14 mm</span></span></p>
Bibliography
<p>"DIETZGEN MEDIA." DIETZGEN MEDIA. Accessed March 03, 2017. <a href="http://www.nashua.com/dietzgen/aboutus/history.html">http://www.nashua.com/dietzgen/aboutus/history.html</a>.</p>
<p>Geisecke, Fredrick E., Alva Mitchell, and Henry Spencer. <em>Technical Drawing</em>. 1st ed. The Macmillan Company, 1933.</p>
<p>Monge, Gaspard. <em>Géométrie descriptive. Leçons données aux Écoles normales, l'an 3 de la République; Par Gaspard Monge, de l'Institut national.</em> Paris: Baudouin, 1798.</p>
<p>Morris, Harold Marcuse Joshua. "Vera Dietzgen Feldmann on Josef Dietzgen (1828-1888) and the Dietzgen Family." Dietzgen Family History Page. Accessed March 03, 2017. <a href="http://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/marcuse/projects/oralhistory/dietzgen/DietzgenJosephFamilyHistory.htm">http://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/marcuse/projects/oralhistory/dietzgen/DietzgenJosephFamilyHistory.htm</a></p>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Dietzgen Master-Pro Drafting Instrument Set
Subject
The topic of the resource
Drafting; Engineering; Architecture; Cartography
Description
An account of the resource
<p><strong>Physical Description: </strong>The drafting set is stored in a simple grey case with a red felt interior. The case only has three words on the outside cover: “Made in Germany”. The only markings on the inside of the case are the letters “DS” written in marker on the felt; presumably the initials of the original owner. Though the case is plain and simple, the drafting tools contained inside are intricate and precise. The set includes a large and small compass, a beam compass (with an extension), attachments for the compasses, both a ruling and technical pen, a pair of dividers, and a screwdriver. With these tools come replacement parts carried in capsules. The replacement parts consist of screws and heads for the compasses and ruling pen.</p>
<p><strong>Functional Description: </strong>The purpose of drafting tools is to create precise diagrams which convey how something functions or should be constructed. Drafting plays an important role in manufacturing, engineering, architecture, and cartography.</p>
<p>The function of the case is simply to store and protect the drafting tools, and keep them neat and organized. The interior of the case has slots fitted to the tools so that there is minimal movement when the case is carried. The dividers are used to quickly compare and transfer measurements, and to divide lines into segments. The compasses are used for drawing circles and arcs, and come in a variety of sizes to allow the drawing of very small circles in the case of the small compass, and very large circles in the case of the beam compass. The technical pen is used in order to draw lines of a fixed width, where as the ruling pen allows for the width of lines to be varied. There are a number of attachments that can used with the ruling pen and compasses in order to change between writing in ink and lead. Typically the initial revisions of a draft are done with lead, and then the pens are used later to create the final draft.</p>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Andrew Brusso, Rachel Fernstrum, Jacob Hedman, Nathan Regan, Zac Taylor
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
c. 1930
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
physical object
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Germany
1930s
Architecture
Cartography
Compass
Dietzgen
Divider
Drafting
Technical Drawing
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Alumni House
Description
An account of the resource
Historic scientific instruments held by Alumni Affairs, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
Physical Object
Use this field for any solid object.
Materials
Instruments: steel, nickel steel
Case: card, black leatherette, green velvet
Maker
Unknown
Inscriptions
none
History of the Object
Owned by Robert A. Neault ('38)
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Drawing Set
Subject
The topic of the resource
Robert A. Neault Collection
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Steven A. Walton
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1930s
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Physical Object
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aa34cd0a1619fbb933cebdae5248e15f
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Physics
Description
An account of the resource
Historic scientific instruments held by the Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
Physical Object
Use this field for any solid object.
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
Outer Frame: 163 x 43.5 x 9 cm
Outer Diameter of coil: 30.5cm
Inner Diameter of coil: 23cm
Thickness of coil: 4cm
Corner of frame to attachment point of coil: 20cm
Weight: 37lbs (approx)
Gear Diameters: 8cm
Number of gears: 7
Total width (width rotator and gear rotor): 63cm
Pitch of the gear: 4mm
Materials
Wood, Brass, Copper, Aluminium, Plastic
Maker
Charles Edouard Joseph Delezenne
History of the Object
History at MTU: Dean Fisher, for which Fisher Hall is named, was a professor of Physics in the 1920s-1940s. The exact history of the device is unknown, but it’s reasonable to assume due to the apparent age of the device as well as Fisher’s research interests, that Dean Fisher may have made use of it as a teaching device in the first Geophysics classes that were added to the school’s catalog in the 1930s. The course catalogs from that time period list course B110, or Geophysics, specifically mention that “magnetic, gravitational, elastic, thermic, and radio-activity methods [of prospecting] will be studied.” The Earth Inductor could be one of the pieces of prospecting equipment used in the four hour a week field portion of the class, drawing on Dean Fisher’s famous use of earth resistors to determine approximate mineral composition of the earth below. [2] History before MTU: This instrument appears to have been custom-made for use by MTU faculty in order to demonstrate mutual inductance [3]. The build of the device is very similar to two stacked “Earth Inductors”, with a gear system forcing coupled motion. Research into similar dual-coil models has come up short, as this instrument was most likely made uniquely for use at the university. The earth inductor, or Delezenne’s Circle, was first developed by Charles Edouard Joseph Delezenne in the 1840’s, and documented in his paper, “Notions élémentaire sur les phénoménes d'induction”, published in the 1844 edition of <em>Memoirs of the Society of Sciences, Agriculture and Arts of Lille</em> (pp 1-132). Delezenne’s text was published in French only, but the title translates roughly to “Basic notions about induction phenomena.” Delezenne’s instrument was developed to be used as a tool for explaining the phenomenon of induction, discovered by Michael Faraday, to students. In the introduction to his text, he states, “It seemed to me, then, that young students, novices still in the study of the somewhat elevated parts of science, but wishing to learn the induction phenomena discovered by Mr. Faraday, needed to be prepared for fruitful reading.” (Original French: “Il m'a donc semblé que de jeunes étudiants, novices encore dans l'étude des parties un peu élevées de la science, mais désireux de s'initier aux phénomènes d'induction découverts par M. Faraday, avaient besoin d'être préparés pour lire avec fruit. [1]”)
Location
The location of the interview
Michigan Tech Physics Department
Bibliography
[1]Delezenne, C. E. (1844). Notions élémentaire sur les phénoménes d'induction.<em> Mémoires de la Société des sciences, de l'agriculture et des arts de Lille</em>,23, 1-132. Retrieved March 1, 2017, from <a href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5518284b/f1n468.texteBrut" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5518284b/f1n468.texteBrut</a> <br /><br />[2] Course Catalog for Fall 1937. Houghton, MI: Michigan College of Mining and Technology, 1937 <br /><br />[3] Young, Charles F. Interview by Luke Weidner. Personal interview. Michigan Tech, February 16, 2017.
Inscriptions
none
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Earth Inductor
Subject
The topic of the resource
Physics; Electromagnetism
Description
An account of the resource
<h2>Physical Description</h2>
A rectangular, lengthwise symmetric, wood frame (163cm X 43.5cm) that houses two rings (inner diam. 23cm, outer diam. 30.5cm), one on each side of the line of symmetry, which acts as spindles for wire. The frame is held together with brass fittings and brass screws. A newer-looking aluminum crank centered on one long side of the frame is connected by a shaft to a set of seven numbered brass gears (diam. 8cm) along the opposite side of the frame. The gears rotate the spindles 360° while keeping them parallel. Each spindle, around which wire can be coiled over 100 times, has a commutator through which an electric current can be measured. <br /><h2>Functional Description</h2>
The instrument demonstrates Faraday’s Law of Induction, which states that a changing magnetic field (in direction or in magnitude) passing through a circuit generates an electromotive force, or voltage, in the circuit. The Earth Inductor instrument uses earth’s magnetic field, which is approximately constant in time but varies by location, to induce a current in a coil of wire. The operator turns the handle, rotating the wooden circle containing the coils of wire, which causes the amount of magnetic flux passing through the coil to change based on its angle with respect to earth’s magnetic field. An ammeter connected to the metal terminals records the generated electric field through time, and the angle of earth’s magnetic field lines can then be determined based on the angle of the coil at which the maximum electric field is measured. The large number of turns of wire in the coil, over 1000 turns, amplifies the resulting current because the observed electric field is proportional to the number of wire turns. Earth’s magnetic field is relatively weak, normally requiring very sensitive instruments to measure. Mutual inductance is a second phenomenon demonstrated by the earth inductor, and is the reason for having two connected coils. The current generated by a single coil from earth’s field is not constant with time, and therefore generates its own independent magnetic field. This secondary field influences the electric field of a secondary, distant coil, and the difference between the primary induction and the secondary induction can be measured.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Ajay Vasu, Zane Barker, Daniel Ratkos, Luke Weidner, Lindsey Wells
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1920-1940
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
physical object
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
United States
Electromagnetism
geophysics
induction
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Chemistry
Description
An account of the resource
Historic scientific instruments held by the Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
Physical Object
Use this field for any solid object.
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
Base: 43.18 cm x 39.37 cm x 19.05 cm
Right side: 8.89 cm x 31.115 cm x 8.89 cm
Left Side: 5.715 cm x 36.195 cm x 43.18 cm
Diameter of circle on base: 50.8 cm
Distance between X-ray transmitter and receiver: 25.4 cm
Telescope piece: 19.685 cm long
Red X-Ray box: 8 cm x 8 cm x 8 cm
Green box: 4 cm x 4 cm x 4 cm
Transmitter length: 9 cm
Receiver length: 7 cm
Materials
Steel, Plastic, Glass
Maker
This instument was manufactured in Germany by Eraf Nonius, a company based in Rotterdam, Netherlands
History of the Object
Dr. Rudy Luck, a chemistry professor at Michigan Technological University, explained the history of this instrument. A company called Enraf Nonius manufactured it around the year 1973. This was a state of the art single photon detection device at the time. This device came to Michigan Tech secondhand in 1998. Dr. Luck purchased it from Nonius with a grant. He was not aware of where it had been before it came to Michigan Tech. He did know that wherever the instrument had been before Michigan Tech it had been replaced by a newer multiple photon detection device. This is why it had been returned to Nonius, allowing it to be purchased by Dr. Luck. The diffractometer is not used as much today as it was when it was originally puchased by Dr. Luck. This is because as the technology has advanced it has become quicker and cheaper to send samples away to a seperate lab for testing that it is to wait the 3 days for the sample to be analyzed in the Nonius. With that said, the machine is still used and is just as accurate as the newer machines that have been produced.
Location
The location of the interview
Chemical Sciences and Engineering Building, Rm. 703
Bibliography
<span>Laue, Max Von. "Röntgenstrahl-Interferenzen"</span><span>. Leipzig: Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, 1941.<br /><br /><span>Ewald, Peter Paue. "Max von Laue." </span><em>Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society</em><span> 6 (November 1960): 135-56. Accessed March 21, 2017. http://rsbm.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/roybiogmem/6/134.</span><br /><br /><span>Maugh, Thomas H. "X-ray Crystallography: 3-D Structures by Optical Computing." </span><em>Science</em><span> 195, no. 4276 (1977): 384. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1743289.</span><br /></span>
Inscriptions
<ul><li>U.S.PAT. 3.636.347 l BRIT.PAT. 1.267.440 (this inscription is located on the front of the instrument)</li>
<li>SERIE NR. (this inscription is located on the front of the instrument)</li>
<li><address>SIEMENS l Type K FFM0 2K 190 l Nr. 898210 l 60Kv 2.v.0 kW l MADE IN GERMANY l CAUTION X-RAYS l THIS EQUIPMENT PRODUUCES l X-RAYS WHEN ENERGIZED (this inscription is located on the right side of the instrument)</address></li>
</ul>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Enraf Nonius Cad 4 Turbo X-ray Diffractometer
Subject
The topic of the resource
X-ray Crystallography
Description
An account of the resource
Physical Description:
Machine is black, white and gray with a square base. The back of the base has several slots for the cords to be attached. On the back side is also a long thin piece of silver metal with inscriptions SERIE NR., U.S.PAT. 3.636.347, and BRIT.PAT. 1.267.440. One side of the base has two metal boxes attached an equal distance apart horizontally and centered vertically. On the base stands two separate columns. The first column is bent in the middle forming the shape of a V. This column has three lights on top with the words x-rays on, shutter closed, and shutter opened. One of three lasers is attached to this column as well. On the area of the column that the laser is located is also a chunk of metal with the inscription SIEMENS, Type, Nr, 60 kV, kW, and MADE IN GERMANY. About one third of this piece of metal is yellow with the inscription CAUTION X-RAYS, THIS EQUIPMENT PRODUCES X-RAYS WHEN ENERGIZED. On the opposite side of the machine is a black flat piece of metal with a circular area and a longer narrower area. In the middle of the circular area is a pillar that holds the mineral specimen. In this area is also a microscope attached to the base, as well as a circular piece of silver metal with numbers inscribed along the edges. Along the narrower area of the flat black piece is a second column, which looks like the first column. This column holds only a laser, which is located directly across from the laser on the first column, and two slots for the cords. There is a small bar that begins right before the laser that attaches column one to column two.
Functional Description:
To operate the x-ray diffractometer, a small crystal sample is loaded into a glass container and then placed in the path of the x-rays. A computer is then used to start up the machine, which takes about 3 days to run. At the end of the 3 days, an image is produced which shows the diffraction pattern of the sample.
The crystals in the sample diffract the x-rays in multiple directions, which then shows up on the image produced. This pattern can then be used to produce an image of electron density within the crystal, which leads to an image of the exact positioning of the atoms within the crystal as well as the locations of chemical bonds.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Sean Golden, Caleb Korson, Alex Person, Stefan RhodeHumphries
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
c. 1973
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Physical Object
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Netherlands
Cad 4 Turbo
Crystallography
diffractometer
Nonius